The Effects of Food Preservatives on the Longevity of Drosophila Melanogaster (MWHXFLR)

Bu çalışmada, dört gıda katkı maddesinin (sodyum nitrit, sodyum nitrat, potasyum nitrit ve potasyum nitrat) Drosophila melanogaster’de (mwhxflr) ömür uzunluğuna etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde Drosophila melanogaster’in multiple wing hair ve flare ırkları çaprazlanmıştır. Üçüncü dönem Trans heterozigot larvalara test kimyasalları 75 mM’lık konsantrasyonlarda uygulanmıştır. Drosophila melanogaster’in (mwh x flr) hayat tablosu verileri değerlendirilmiş ve en düşük ortalama ömür uzunluğu sodyum nitrit uygulanan grupta bulunmuştur. Kimyasallar ömür uzunluğuna etkilerine göre şu şekilde sıralanabilirler: Potasyum nitrit, sodyum nitrat, potasyum nitrat ve kontrol grubu. Ayrıca tüm gruplardaki deney sonuçları dişi bireylerin erkek bireylerden daha uzun yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Nitrit içeren uygulama gruplarındaki ortalama ömür uzunluğunun nitrat içeren gruplara oranla daha kısa olduğu belirlenmiştir.In this study, the effects of four food preservatives (sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrate and potassium nitrite) on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. In the experiments mwh and flr strains of Drosophila melanogaster were hybridized. Third-instars larvae trans-heterozygous were treated of the test compounds at a concentration of 75 mM. Life span data of Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr) were evaluated and the lowest mean life span was found to be groups of sodium nitrite. Chemicals used were ranked as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and control group according to effects of life span. In addition, experimental result show that all of the groups female survived longer than male. The treatment groups which contain nitrite of mean life span was determined shorter than the treatment groups which contain nitrate

Subletalni učinci 2,4-diklorofenoksi octene kiseline (2,4-D) na slatkovodnog uskoškarog raka (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823)

2,4-D is a widely used phenoxy herbicide, potentially toxic to humans and biota. The objective of the present study was to reveal short term sublethal effects of 2,4-D on narrow-clawed freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), based on histology, total haemocyte counts, selected haemolymph parameters, and oxidative stress parameters. In the laboratory conditions crayfish specimens were exposed to 9 mg L-1 of 2,4-D for one week. Experiments were conducted under semi-static conditions in 20 L-capacity aquaria where 10 freshwater crayfish were stocked per aquarium. Exposure (experimental) and control groups were used and the experiments were repeated two times. No mortality and behavioural changes were recorded during the experiments. Total haemocyte counts decreased significantly, while haemolymph glucose levels increased (P<0.05), when compared to the control group. Haemolymph levels of calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and lactate did not change. Exposure resulted with increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) only in hepatopancreas. However, results of gill FOX assay showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters (P<0.05). MDA levels of gill and abdominal muscle tissues and FOX levels of hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle tissues did not change when compared to the control group. Significant histopathological alterations were observed both in hepatopancreas (multifocal deformations in tubule lumen) and gill tissue (melanisation of gill lamella). Exposure of crayfish even to a sublethal concentration of 2,4-D alters histopathology and lipid peroxidation due to stress. Biomarkers studied here seem to be useful for the assessment of adverse/toxic effects of pesticides on non-target, indicator aquatic organisms.2,4-D je fenoksi herbicid koji se upotrebljava diljem svijeta, a potencijalno je toksičan za ljude i biotu. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati kratkoročne subletalne učinke herbicida 2,4-D na slatkovodnog uskoškarog raka (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) proučavanjem histoloških promjena, ukupnog broja hemocita, odabranih hemolitičkih parametara i parametara oksidacijskoga stresa. Jedinke slatkovodnog raka izložene su u laboratorijskim uvjetima koncentraciji od 9 mg L-1 herbicida 2,4-D tijekom sedam dana. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u polustatičkim uvjetima u 20-litarskim akvarijima. U svakom akvariju držano je 10 jedinki rakova, podijeljenih u skupinu koja je bila izložena herbicidu i u kontrolnu skupinu, a eksperiment je ponovljen tri puta. Tijekom eksperimenata nisu zabilježene nikakve promjene u stopi smrtnosti ili u ponašanju životinja. Ukupan se broj hemocita značajno smanjio, a razine glukoze u hemolimfi povećale (P<0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Razine kalcija, klorida, kalija, magnezija, ukupnog proteina i laktata u hemolimfi nisu se promijenile. Izlaganje herbicidu povisilo je razine malondialdehida (MDA) u hepatopankreasu. Međutim, rezultati FOX-testa na škrgama pokazali su značajno smanjenje parametara oksidacijskoga stresa (P<0,05), za razliku od razina MDA izmjerenih FOX-testom u škrgama i abdominalnom mišićnom tkivu te u hepatopankreasu, koje se nisu promijenile. Uočene su značajne histopatološke promjene u tkivu hepatopankreasa (multifokalne deformacije tubularnog lumena) i škrga (melanizacija škržnih listića). Izlaganje rakova subletalnoj koncentraciji herbicida 2,4-D izazvalo je histopatološke promjene te potaknulo lipidnu peroksidaciju zbog stresa. Čini se da su biomarkeri koji su promatrani u ovom ispitivanju korisni za procjenu neželjenih učinaka pesticida na neciljne vodene indikatorske organizme

Pre-Service Elementary Teachers’ Environmental Identities and Materialistic Tendencies Towards The Environment: Moral Reasoning Based Environmental Education

Theaim of this study is to examine the effect of moral reasoning based environmental education on the development of pre-service elementary teachers' environmental identities and the reduction of their materialistic tendencies towards the environment. In this research, which was carried out under the action research design, an action plan was prepared within the scope of moral reasoning based environmental education. This study involved 23 pre-service teachers studying at the department of elementary teaching. Qualitative data were collected using open-ended questionnaires and reflective writing forms, discussions while qualitative data were obtained using “Materialistic Tendencies Towards the Environment Scale” and “Environmental Identity Scale”. Analysingthedata obtained through open-ended questionnaires carried out at the beginning and at the end of an 8-week application, related to positive environmental identity was observed to increase at the end of the study, while those related to materialistic tendencies towards the environment seemed to reduce. In this study, pre-test and post-test mean scores that pre-service elementary teachers obtained from the "Environmental Identity Scale" and "Materialistic Tendencies Towards the Environment Scale" werestatistically significant

Pre-Service Elementary Teachers’ Environmental Identities and Materialistic Tendencies Towards The Environment: Moral Reasoning Based Environmental Education

Theaim of this study is to examine the effect of moral reasoning based environmental education on the development of pre-service elementary teachers' environmental identities and the reduction of their materialistic tendencies towards the environment. In this research, which was carried out under the action research design, an action plan was prepared within the scope of moral reasoning based environmental education. This study involved 23 pre-service teachers studying at the department of elementary teaching. Qualitative data were collected using open-ended questionnaires and reflective writing forms, discussions while qualitative data were obtained using “Materialistic Tendencies Towards the Environment Scale” and “Environmental Identity Scale”. Analysingthedata obtained through open-ended questionnaires carried out at the beginning and at the end of an 8-week application, related to positive environmental identity was observed to increase at the end of the study, while those related to materialistic tendencies towards the environment seemed to reduce. In this study, pre-test and post-test mean scores that pre-service elementary teachers obtained from the "Environmental Identity Scale" and "Materialistic Tendencies Towards the Environment Scale" werestatistically significant

Farklı Konsantrasyonlardaki Gıda Boyalarının Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr)'de Yaşama Yüzdesi Üzerine Etkisi

Özet: Bu çalışmada, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki beş gıda boyasının (patent blue, karminik asit, indigokarmin, eritrosin ve amaranth) Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr)'nin yaşama yüzdesi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde Drosophila melanogaster'in mwh-flr3 çaprazı kullanılmıştır. İki işaret geni taşıyan üç günlük larvalar farklı konsantrasyonlarda test maddesi içeren Drosophila standard besi yeri ile kronik olarak beslenmiştir. Beslenme sinekler pupadan çıkınca sonlandırılmıştır. Deneylerde kullanılan gıda boyalarının öldürücü dozları belirlenmiştir. Deneyler 3 kez tekrarlanmıştır. Kontrol grubu için 5 ml su kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan gıda boyaları için yaşama yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. Patent blue, karminik asit, indigokarmin, eritrosin ve amaranth'dan oluşan deney gruplarının yaşama yüzdeleri ile kontrol grubunun yaşama yüzdeleri istatistiksel olarak X2 testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Kullanılan gıda boyaları toksisiteleri bakımından eritrosin, indigokarmin, patent blue, amaranth, karminik asit şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr), gıda boyası, yaşama yüzdesi Effects of Food Dyes in Different Concentrations on Percentage of Survival in Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr) Abstract: In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (patent blue, carminic acid, indigocarmin, erytrosin and amaranth) were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr) for effects on survival percentage. mwh- flr3 cross was used in the experiment. Three-day-old larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Lethal doses of food dyes used were determined in the experiments. The experiments were repeated 3 times. 5 ml water was administered to the control group. Percentages of survival of the flies were determined for food dyes used in the experiment. Survival percentage of experiment groups, which contain (patent blue, carminic acid, indigocarmin, erytrosin and amaranth), and survival percentage of control group were statistically compared by the use of Chi-square test. Food dyes used were ranked as erytrosin, indigocarmin, patent blue, amaranth, carminic acid according to their toxic effects. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster (mwh x flr), food dyes, percentage of survival

1970-80 yılları arasında Darüşşafaka Lisesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2014.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Ünsal, Mehmet Süha