Local socio-economic effects of protected area conservation: The case of Maromizaha forest, Madagascar

The vision Madagascar Naturally aimed to triple the size of protected areas in Madagascar from 1.7 million hectares to 6 million hectares before 2008, in order to ensure the safe guarding of Madagascar’s natural heritage and the human well-being that depends on it. In 2008, Maromizaha forest was selected  by the Ministry of Environment and Forests tobecome a New Protected Area where the delegated manager is the Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP). One of GERP’s strategies is to provide support to the livelihoods of the local people around the Maromizaha protected area in order to reduce the dependency on natural resources. During April 2014, GERP organized a rapid socio-economic survey of 70 households across six villages, in order to make a preliminary, comparison and assessment of this development support and its impact on the main income generating activities of the local people, their highest level of formal education in 2008 and 2014, and their thinking about conservation offsetting. The results showed that in 2014, 70% of local people were engaged in agriculture and less than 40% in cattle farming. Some villagers have benefited from pilot development projects organized by financial and environmental organizations. Other local people benefited from other livelihood activities related to the conservation management of the forest. Most participants were aware of the ecosystem services of the forests (94.3%) and the education level has increased from 2008 to 2014,  although even in 2014, 56% of the survey participants were educated only to primary school level; the rate of illiteracy is at 15.6%. We summarize some strengths, weaknesses and recommendations in order to improve the management of the Maromizaha Protected Area

Quantum Smoluchowski equation: Escape from a metastable state

We develop a quantum Smoluchowski equation in terms of a true probability distribution function to describe quantum Brownian motion in configuration space in large friction limit at arbitrary temperature and derive the rate of barrier crossing and tunneling within an unified scheme. The present treatment is independent of path integral formalism and is based on canonical quantization procedure.Comment: 10 pages, To appear in the Proceedings of Statphys - Kolkata I

Cervical cancer screening in rural Madagascar : feasibility, coverage and incidence

Objectives. - To assess the implementation of a cervical cancer screening strategy in rural Madagascar. Materials and methods. - A mobile unit, equipped with a cold-coagulator, visited every six months the main health care centers in the Atsinanana area between 2013 and 2015. Cervical cancer screening was based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). The lesions suggestive of intraepithelial neoplasia and limited to the cervix were coagulated on the same day. Non-eligible patients for immediate treatment were referred for appropriate investigations. We assessed the feasibility and the coverage of the screening strategy and estimated the incidence of cervical cancer in the targeted population. Results. - One thousand five hundred and sixty-nine (18%) of 8959 women aged between 25 and 65 years old were screened. Three hundred and fifty-seven (23%) were VIA positive and 322 (21%) were eligible for immediate treatment. No serious adverse effects were observed among patients treated on the same day. Among the 35 patients not eligible for immediate treatment and referred to the hospital, 16 (46%) were lost to follow up. Conclusion. - When a cervical cancer screening by HPV or cytology is not possible, VIA remains a feasible and acceptable option in a disadvantaged environment. The effectiveness of this approach is still limited by the problems of access to care for patients who are not eligible for immediate treatment

Preparation, characterization, and analysis of anti-corrosion subsea coatings

Within this work, a two-component anti-corrosive epoxy primer formulation, Sigmacover™ 280, and its resulting films were prepared and evaluated. The optimum coating time following formulation was extended by adding an appropriate amount of solvent as a controlled thinner. The draw down coating method was identified to be a reproducible and a robust paint film deposition process. Gravimetric analysis, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and through-dry testing were used in the characterization of the curing and drying behavior of each applied primer film. The shortest time for achieving a through-dry state occurred with thinner films cured at the higher temperature, as seen in the film curing/drying. The minimum covercoating time and full cure time of the paint films, cured under the different conditions, were evaluated by means of its dryness, hardness, and curing state studies/characterization