An asymptomatic 11 year child with ruptured sinus of Valsalva

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) is a rare lesion in a paediatric age group. A right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm usually ruptures into the right ventricle, while aneurysms of non-coronary sinus do so into the right atrium. RSOV usually presents in the third decade of life with congestive heart failure and is more common among Asians with male predominance. It may present as acute cardiogenic shock and sudden death or may remain completely asymptomatic with incidental detection by a murmur. Surgery is indicated as early as possible, once the diagnosis is made as without surgery, most cases will eventually succumb to uncontrollable congestive heart failure. This article reports an 11 year old child with the diagnosis of ruptured sinus of Valsalva.peer-reviewe

RCC prolapse causing Aortic regurgitation in a restrictive VSD

The incidence of aortic right coronary cusp (RCC) prolapse in outlet ventricular septal defect (VSD) is reported at 5%- 16%. Detection of RCC prolapse is critical in patients with outlet VSD because this complication may cause permanent aortic regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation occurs due to a poorly supported RCC combined with the venturi effect due to the VSD jet resulting in cusp prolapse. This is an indication for VSD closure even if VSD is small and restrictive.peer-reviewe

Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness and homeopathy on sleep and chronic pain in patients with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect many aspects of life. Numerous psychological interventions have been applied to control this disease. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness and homeopathy on sleep and chronic pain in patients with DM in Tehran, Iran.METHODS: The method of study was quasi-experimental with a control group with pretest and posttest stages. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with DM referred to the Iranian Diabetes Society (IDS) in Tehran in 2016. Patients with DM with sleep and chronic pain disorders were selected for this study. Among the individuals, 45 people were randomly selected and placed in 3 groups (homeopathy n = 15), mindfulness (n = 15), and control group (n = 15). The two experimental groups (homeopathy and mindfulness) underwent the interventions of homeopathy and mindfulness, respectively, while the control group was in the wait list. All three groups filled out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) at the baseline and follow-up steps. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software (version 22, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).RESULTS: The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBRS) and homeopathy could improve chronic pain and sleep disorders in the experimental groups (P < 0.05), however the mindfulness-based treatment was better than homeopathy for reduction of chronic pain and improvement of sleep disorders (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Mindfulness and homeopathy are effective in the reduction of chronic pain and sleep disorders in patients with DM, with mindfulness being more effective than homeopathy. This alternative medicine could improve pain and sleep effectively in patients with DM

Design, synthesis, molecular docking study and biological evaluation of heteroaryl 2-phenoxypyridin-3-yl derivatives as lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitors

Introdution: Lipoxygenase enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of leukotrienes that possess various pharmacological effects in the body. The beneficial therapeutic effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors have been proved in some diseases such as asthma, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the lipoxygenase inhibitors could be used in the treatment of some diseases and pathological conditions. In this study, heteroaryl 2-phenoxypyridine-3-yl derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as lipoxygenase inhibitors. Methods: In this basic-applied study, the desired derivatives were synthesized in multiple steps using convenient methods. Then, the structure of compounds was validated using infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of compounds was evaluated and molecular docking studies was performed on the most active compound. Results: All target compounds were synthesized in good yields and showed good inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase (IC50 =100-179 mM) in comparison to Quercetin (IC50 = 58.5 mM) as standard inhibitor. The compound 7a (5-(2-phenoxypyridine-3-yl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione) showed the most potent activity and the molecular docking studies showed that this compound was well fitted in the active site of enzyme. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds have shown good inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and the molecular docking studies show that these compounds are able to fit in the active site of enzyme. Therefore, the target compounds could be used as lead compounds for further studies to find novel lipoxygenase inhibitor drugs

Application of enface image registration/alignment to introduce new ocular imaging biomarkers

This chapter is dedicated to discussing the application of enface image registration/ alignment to introduce new ocular imaging biomarkers. The enface images discussed in the chapter are colour fundus image, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography and enface optical coherence tomography thickness maps. In addition to different features can be extracted from these modalities, the new ocular imaging biomarkers are also introduced based on registration/alignment of these enface images

Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay of novel cyclomyrsinol diterpenes against breast cancer cell lines

Background: Cyclomyrsinane diterpenes especially those extracted from various Euphorbia species have shown interesting biological properties in recent years. Because of the high prevalence of breast cancer and the challenges ahead in its treatment, the use of these compounds as potential anti cancer agents seem reasonable. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of some myrsinane type diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia sogdiana Popov and determine their induced cell death mechanism. Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of six various myrsinane compounds on MCF 7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used as the normal cell line too. The apoptotic effects of the structure with the most cytotoxic effects were determined using flow cytometry assay in IC50 concentration for 24 h of incubation. Results: Compound (6) showed the most cytotoxic effects with IC50 of about 8 ± 4 and 24 ± 4 μg/mL for MCF 7 and 4T1 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with 5 and 10 μg/mL of compound (6) for 24 h, showed 37 and 55% of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: These surveyed compounds have the potential to be considered as useful anti-breast cancer agents due to the great cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against these cancer cells and the fact that there was no significant cytotoxicity on normal cells