Sources of Social Cognitive Support and the Prevention of Drugs among Adolescent Students

This study aimed to investigate the sources of social cognitive support and the prevention of drugs among a sample of (20) male and female students at the secondary schools in Jordan. To achieve the aim of this study the researcher adopted the qualitative approach through organized interviews with the sample. The findings showed that students have the knowledge about drugs, its types and negative affects on both individual and community. Moreover, there are (9) sources for social cognitive support arranged descending as follows: parents, teacher, media and social media, peers, school media, curriculum, psychological counselor, seminars, conferences and reading. The findings showed that (80%) of the sample confirmed that there is no drugs phenomenon in their schools. Finally, the study presented several suggestions to students for the prevention from substances and drugs related to self, family, school, media and organizations in the community

Gender Differences and Emotional Expressiveness on Facebook: An Analysis of Prosodic Features among Jordanian Facebookers

Despite seemingly countless studies addressing emotional expressiveness, most of these studies were focused on western communities, neglecting the Arab community in general, and the Jordanian discourse in particular. The purpose of this paper is to examine how paralinguistic features of emotional expression are used by male and female Jordanian Facebookers. A total of 100 participants, 50 males and 50 females, took part in this study, all of whom were native Jordanians. The current study was conducted by utilizing the “Web for corpus building” approach, as the data has been extracted manually from Facebook status updates, comments on other users’ status updates, photos, wall posts and so on. The findings revealed that women experience and express emotions more often than men in general. More studies with different contextual factors (e.g., age, social status, and ethnicity) and a different sources of data collection (e.g., face-to-face interaction, role plays, and observation) are recommended for future studies

The Administration Staff Appraisal Level of the Organizational Context at Ajlun University College

This study aims to test the organizational atmosphere from the staff perspective at Ajlun University College. Specifically, the study raises few questions: What are the dimensions of the organizational atmosphere at the university according to the educational administrative literature? What is the reality of the organizational atmosphere at Ajlun University College, Al Balqa Applied University? What is the operational proposal of developing the organization atmosphere at Ajlun University College? The researcher administered a twenty-four-item instrument to 95 members of the administration staff of the college. The major dimensions of the university organization were found to be: decision-making, social relationships, the organizational belonging, and the organizational atmosphere.The study revealed that the level of the organizational atmosphere was average.To improve the organizational atmosphere, the study recommends that meetings be arranged to bring together both the administration and the staff to discuss their problems, listen to their opinions and suggestions and enhance the financial and moral incentives through allocating proper budgets. The study also recommends conducting studies to identify the causes of the low level of effectiveness of some of the organizational dimensions

The ​Role of ​Psychological ​Flexibility in ​Heart ​Failure: Structural ​Equation ​Model ​Analysis

Background With psychological flexibility as a central concept, the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Model has gained empirical support with a broad range of behavioral and emotional issues across various populations. The role of psychological flexibility in health-related behavioral and emotional problems in heart failure is still limited.  Objectives  To examine the role of psychological flexibility in persons with heart failure. Methods Observational, cross‐sectional study. A total of 172 persons with heart failure aged 31 to 87 years from three major referral hospitals. To achieve the current study goal, a proposed model guide by the acceptance and commitment therapy model was tested using structural equation modeling using AMOS. Results The results showed that the path between psychological flexibility and emotional outcomes is statistically significant. The R2 value of the emotional outcomes construct was .52, meaning that psychological flexibility explains 52% of the predicted variance. On the other hand, the path between psychological flexibility and behavioral outcomes was not significant. Psychological flexibility explained half of the variance of stress and depression combined.  Conclusion This study suggests that psychological flexibility plays a significant role in determining emotional outcomes (i.e., stress and depression levels) in persons with heart failure. It also suggests that emotional outcomes may be improved by targeting psychological flexibility.  Implications to Nursing Nurses need to assess persons with compromised psychological flexibility as a predictor of adverse emotional outcomes, which inturn has been associated with various negative health outcomes. Nurses need to target these persons through specific interventions to promote psychological flexibility

An Intercultural Study of Refusal Strategies Used in Jordanian Arabic and American English

The present study compares and contrasts the refusal speech act in Jordanian Arabic and American English. The refusal speech act is among the most dominant issues in disciplines such as educational environment and social work. Researchers become more interested in such topics as it helps them to compare and contrast between native and non-native speakers of English. Therefore, the topic is quite common regarding identifying the strategies among non- native speakers. However, very little research discovered the similarities and differences between native and non-native speakers of English. Thus, the researchers of this study tried to fill the gap by presenting an intercultural study of Refusal Strategies Used in Jordanian Arabic and American English. Refusing to take part in an action is a negative response that may result in a disagreement and harm the relationship between the listener and the provider. To prevent conflict when a presenter must deny a request, the presenter must deliver an appropriate denial and adapt to the interlocutors perspective as well as the nature of the issue. The researchers used a modified Discourse Completion Test (DCT) as the research instrument. The findings reveal that both participant groups mainly preferred indirect strategies, followed by adjunct and direct strategies. In comparison, Jordanians tended to use more subversive strategies, unlike American participants who used a direct rejection strategy. The paper ends with an argument of significant future research areas

The Relative Contribution of Learning Resources in Academic Buoyancy and Satisfaction with Learning Experience among Distance Learning Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن درجة إسهام مصادر التعلم بالنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية، والفروق فيها تبعًا لمتغيرات الجنس، والمرحلة العمرية، ومكان السكن لدى عينة تكونت من (2659) طالبًا وطالبة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة من المرحلة الأساسية في المدارس الحكومية الأردنية، خلال الفصل الأول من العام الدراسي 2020/2019.  ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم تطبيق ثلاثة مقاييس: مصادر التعلم، والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية. أظهرت النتائج أن المتوسطات الحسابية للإناث أعلى منها للذكور على مصادر (التعلم الذاتي، ومنصة درسك المتلفزة، والتواصل مع المعلم) والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية، وأن المتوسطات الحسابية لدى الأطفال على مصادر(التعلم الأسري، والتواصل مع المعلم) كانت أعلى منها لدى المراهقين، في حين كانت المتوسطات الحسابية على مصادر(التعلم الذاتي، والدروس الخصوصية) ومستوى النهوض الأكاديمي لدى المراهقين أعلى منها للأطفال، وبينت النتائج أن المتوسطات الحسابية على مصادر التعلم، والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية كانت لدى الأطفال والمراهقين من سكان المخيم هي الأعلى. وأخيرًا، أظهرت النتائج أن مصادر التعلم، والمرحلة العمرية فسرت ما نسبته (55.9%) من التباين في مستوى النهوض الأكاديمي، و(59.1%) في الرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية. ومن أبرز توصيات الدراسة ضرورة تقديم الرعاية الأكاديمية والنفسية المناسبة لطلبة التعلم عن بعد.Abstract: The study aimed to explore the contribution of learning resources to academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience as well as their level according to gender, age stage and living place among (2659) primary stage distance learning students who were chosen from the governmental schools in Jordan using the convenience sampling method. To achieve the purposes of the study three scales were administrated to the study sample measuring learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience. The results showed that means of females were higher than for males in (self-learning, Darsak platform and the regular teacher) learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience, and that means of children were higher than for adolescents in (family-learning and the regular teacher) learning resources, while they were higher for adolescents than for children in (self-learning and special classes) learning resources and academic buoyancy. The results also showed that the means of students living in camps were the highest in general on learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience scales according to the living place variable. Finally, the results showed that learning resources and age stage explained (55.9%) of the variance in academic buoyancy and (59.1%) of the variance in the satisfaction with learning experience. One of the main recommendations of the study was the need to provide appropriate academic and psychological care for distance learning students

A Novel Root Based Arabic Stemmer

Stemming algorithms are used in information retrieval systems, indexers, text mining, text classifiers etc., to extract stems or roots of different words, so that words derived from the same stem or root are grouped together. Many stemming algorithms were built in different natural languages. Khoja stemmer is one of the known and widely used Arabic stemmers. In this paper, we introduced a new light and heavy Arabic stemmer. This new stemmer is presented in this study and compared with two well-known Arabic stemmers. Results showed that accuracy of our stemmer is slightly better than the accuracy yielded by each one of those two well-known Arabic stemmers used for evaluation and comparison. Evaluation tests on our novel stemmer yield 75.03% accuracy, while the other two Arabic stemmers yield slightly lower accuracy

On I-convergent sequence spaces defined by a compact operator and a modulus function

In this article, we introduce and study I-convergent sequence spaces I (f ), with the help of compact operator T on the real space ℝ and a modulus function f . We study some topological and algebraic properties, and prove some inclusion relations on these spaces

Strategies of coping with anger as a state and a trait among female students

Introduction. University students often encounter many difficult situations that may provoke their anger and thus make them less capable of controlling themselves and their behaviours. This will possibly hinder their growth and psychological and academic development, leading to more personal conflict and discomfort, emotional and physical abuse, increased crime, feelings of insecurity, a lack of concentration, and less social interaction. Aim. This study aims to examine coping strategies with anger as a state and trait in light of “Social status” and “Achievement level” variables. Methodology and research methods. A quantitative method was employed to analyse the data. The sample for the study consisted of 256 female students from Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), randomly chosen. Two scales were used to collect data: 1) the anger scale as a state and as a trait, including 30 items (15 items measure anger as an emotional state that varies in its intensity, and 15 items measure anger as an emotional trait); 2) the anger coping strategies scale, containing 34 items divided into six domains to identify the different ways of individuals’ positive or negative responses to the irritating situations of anger (direct expressions of anger, emphasis, search for social support, dissipation of anger, avoidance, and tapering). Results. The results revealed statistically significant differences due to social status and achievement level, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the coping strategies for anger due to social status. They also showed that seeking social support is the prevailing coping strategy. Scientific novelty. The study is one of the few in the Arab World that looked at the relationship between anger as a state or trait and coping strategies in a sample of female students based on their social status and level of achievement. It helps enrich the theoretical literature on anger and researchers’ and students’ knowledge by clarifying the relationship of the discussed variables with each other. Practical significance. The practical significance of the study can be observed in two aspects. First, the research findings can draw the attention of educational officials by highlighting the relationships between anger as a state and anger as a trait, as well as the coping strategies employed by female students. This knowledge can lead to developing programmes to reduce anger among female students. Second, the study can contribute to developing coping methods that positively impact the social and academic adaptation of female students.Введение. Студенты университетов часто сталкиваются со многими трудными ситуациями, которые могут спровоцировать их гнев и, таким образом, сделать их менее способными контролировать себя и свое поведение. Это может препятствовать их росту, психологическому и академическому развитию, что приведет к большему личному конфликту и дискомфорту, эмоциональному и физическому насилию, росту преступности, чувству незащищенности, отсутствию концентрации и меньшему социальному взаимодействию. Цель исследования – рассмотреть стратегии преодоления гнева как состояния и эмоциональной черты с учетом переменных «Социальный статус» и «Уровень достижений». Методология и методы исследования. Для анализа данных был использован количественный метод. В исследовании приняли участие 256 студенток из Прикладного университета Аль-Балка (BAU), выбранных случайным образом. Для сбора данных использовались две шкалы: 1) шкала гнева как состояния и как черты, включающая 30 пунктов (15 пунктов измеряют гнев как эмоциональное состояние, которое варьируется по своей интенсивности, а 15 пунктов – как эмоциональную черту); 2) шкала стратегий совладания с гневом, содержащая 34 пункта, разделенных на шесть доменов для определения различных способов положительной или отрицательной реакции людей на раздражающие ситуации гнева (прямое выражение гнева, акцент, поиск социальной поддержки, рассеивание, избегание и ослабление гнева). Результаты. Результаты выявили статистически значимые различия в зависимости от социального статуса и уровня достижений, тогда как не было выявлено статистически значимых различий в стратегиях преодоления гнева в зависимости от социального статуса. Они также показали, что преобладающая стратегия совладания с гневом – поиск социальной поддержки. Научная новизна. Это исследование является одним из немногих в арабском мире, в котором изучалась взаимосвязь между гневом как состоянием или чертой и стратегиями преодоления в выборке студенток в зависимости от их социального статуса и уровня достижений. Это помогает обогатить теоретическую литературу о гневе и знания исследователей и студентов, проясняя взаимосвязь обсуждаемых переменных. Практическая значимость. Во-первых, результаты исследования могут привлечь внимание работников системы образования, обратив внимание на взаимосвязь между гневом как состоянием и гневом как эмоциональной чертой, а также на стратегии преодоления гнева, используемые учащимися женского пола. Эти знания могут помочь в разработке программ, направленных на уменьшение гнева среди студенток. Во-вторых, исследование может способствовать разработке методов решения проблем, которые положительно влияют на социальную и академическую адаптацию студенток.Авторы выражают благодарность анонимным рецензентам и редакционной коллегии журнала «Образование и наука» за ценные замечания, позволившие повысить качество настоящего исследования.The authors would like to express their deep gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and the Editorial Board of the Education and Science Journal, who spared their time and expertise in developing the present study