1,632 research outputs found
A pitfall of piecewise-polytropic equation of state inference
The only messenger radiation in the Universe which one can use to
statistically probe the Equation of State (EOS) of cold dense matter is that
originating from the near-field vicinities of compact stars. Constraining
gravitational masses and equatorial radii of rotating compact stars is a major
goal for current and future telescope missions, with a primary purpose of
constraining the EOS. From a Bayesian perspective it is necessary to carefully
discuss prior definition; in this context a complicating issue is that in
practice there exist pathologies in the general relativistic mapping between
spaces of local (interior source matter) and global (exterior spacetime)
parameters. In a companion paper, these issues were raised on a theoretical
basis. In this study we reproduce a probability transformation procedure from
the literature in order to map a joint posterior distribution of Schwarzschild
gravitational masses and radii into a joint posterior distribution of EOS
parameters. We demonstrate computationally that EOS parameter inferences are
sensitive to the choice to define a prior on a joint space of these masses and
radii, instead of on a joint space interior source matter parameters. We focus
on the piecewise-polytropic EOS model, which is currently standard in the field
of astrophysical dense matter study. We discuss the implications of this issue
for the field.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
On parametrised cold dense matter equation of state inference
Constraining the equation of state of cold dense matter in compact stars is a
major science goal for observing programmes being conducted using X-ray, radio,
and gravitational wave telescopes. We discuss Bayesian hierarchical inference
of parametrised dense matter equations of state. In particular we generalise
and examine two inference paradigms from the literature: (i) direct posterior
equation of state parameter estimation, conditioned on observations of a set of
rotating compact stars; and (ii) indirect parameter estimation, via
transformation of an intermediary joint posterior distribution of exterior
spacetime parameters (such as gravitational masses and coordinate equatorial
radii). We conclude that the former paradigm is not only tractable for
large-scale analyses, but is principled and flexible from a Bayesian
perspective whilst the latter paradigm is not. The thematic problem of Bayesian
prior definition emerges as the crux of the difference between these paradigms.
The second paradigm should in general only be considered as an ill-defined
approach to the problem of utilising archival posterior constraints on exterior
spacetime parameters; we advocate for an alternative approach whereby such
information is repurposed as an approximative likelihood function. We also
discuss why conditioning on a piecewise-polytropic equation of state model -
currently standard in the field of dense matter study - can easily violate
conditions required for transformation of a probability density distribution
between spaces of exterior (spacetime) and interior (source matter) parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 43 pages, 7 figure
Effect of plant domestication on the rhizosphere microbiome of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) .
Plant domestication was a pivotal achievement for human civilization and subsequent plant improvement increased crop productivity and quality. However, domestication also caused a strong reduction in the genetic diversity of modern cultivars compared to their wild relatives. It is known that plants rely, in part, on the rhizosphere microbial community for wreowth, development and tolerance to (a)biotic stresses. Hence, plant domestication events may have adversely affected the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere of two wild relatives, three landraces and three modern cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). These different lines belong to the Mesoamerican bean gene pool of Colombia and were selected amongst more than 37,000 accessions kept in the Genetic Resources Program of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). The eight accessions were grown in both native and in agricultural soils collected in the province of Antioquia (Colombia). At different plant growth stages, DNA was extracted from rhizospheric soil and bacterial taxonomic diversity was analysed by metagenomic sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA. Our Approach of going ?back to the roots? using native soils togheter with wild relatives provides new fundamental insights in host genotype-mediated recruitment of beneficial microbes and in the functional and metabolic potential of the rhizosphere microbiome of native soils and wild relatives of modern crop cultivars
Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related EmotionalDisorders (SCARED) in the general Italian adolescent population:A validation and a comparison between Italy and The Netherlands
In this study examination is given to the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Screen for
Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a large community sample of adolescents.
Additionally, a comparison was made between the anxiety scores of this Italian adolescent cohort
(N = 1975) and a comparative Dutch adolescent cohort (N = 1115).
Findings revealed that a five-factor structure of the SCARED applied not only to the Italian adolescents
from the general community, but also to boys and girls, and to early and middle adolescents. Moreover,
sex and age differences on anxiety scores within the Italian sample were found to be consistent with
previous studies of adolescent anxiety disorders. Finally, Italian adolescents reported higher anxiety
scores than their Dutch peers.
Findings of this study highlight that the SCARED is a valid screening instrument to rate anxiety
symptoms of Italian adolescents
Temperatuuronderzoek bij tomaat :effect van een tijdelijke temperatuurverlaging (DROP) op groei, ontwikkeling en productie
Om na te gaan op welk moment van de dag de plant het meest gevoelig is voor temperatuur is een experiment uitgevoerd in klimaatkamers. Om na te gaan wat het effect is van een tijdelijke temperatuurverlaging na zonsopkomst op groei en productie van tomaten is een kasexperiment uitgevoerd.Voor de praktijk betekenen de resultaten dat een temperatuurdaling bij jonge planten beter niet toegepast kan worden, omdat dit ten koste gaat van de opbouw van het bladoppervlak en daarmee ook van de groei. Bij planten met voldoende bladoppervlak heeft een temperatuurdaling in de ochtend geen negatieve effecten op gewasgroei en producti
A Parametric Study of Radiative Dipole Body Array Coil for 7 Tesla MRI
In this contribution we present numerical and experimental results of a
parametric quantitative study of radiative dipole antennas in a phased array
configuration for efficient body magnetic resonance imaging at 7T via parallel
transmission. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh fields (7T and
higher) dipole antennas are commonly used in phased arrays, particularly for
body imaging targets. This study reveals the effects of dipole positioning in
the array (elevation of dipoles above the subject and inter-dipole spacing) on
their mutual coupling, per and per maximum local
SAR efficiencies as well as the RF-shimming capability. The numerical and
experimental results are obtained and compared for a homogeneous phantom as
well as for a real human models confirmed by in-vivo experiments
Data protection, safeguarding and the protection of children's privacy: exploring local authority guidance on parental photography at school events
Should parents be allowed to take photographs at school events? Media reports suggest that increasingly schools are answering no to this question, either prohibiting or imposing stringent restrictions upon such photography. The legal justifications for such restrictions are, however, unclear. Accordingly, in 2013 freedom of information requests were sent to local education authorities across England, Scotland and Wales, the aim being to determine what advice local education authorities provide to schools in relation to parental photography at school events, and to identify how education authorities’ understandings of the law influence the advice they offer. That research reveals that local education authorities’ understandings of the law vary significantly and that where authorities do not fully appreciate the extent of the legal obligations arising this may have significant repercussions for the children concerned
Temperature calibration procedure for thin film substrates for thermo-ellipsometric analysis using melting point standards
Precise and accurate temperature control is pertinent to studying thermally activated processes in thin films. Here, we present a calibration method for the substrate–film interface temperature using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The method is adapted from temperature calibration methods that are well developed for thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry instruments, and is based on probing a transition temperature. Indium, lead, and zinc could be spread on a substrate, and the phase transition of these metals could be detected by a change in the C signal of the ellipsometer. For water, the phase transition could be detected by a loss of signal intensity as a result of light scattering by the ice crystals. The combined approach allowed for construction of a linear calibration curve with an accuracy of 1.3 C or lower over the full temperature range
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