10 research outputs found
Opracowanie krzywych nagrzewania odkuwek wielkogabarytowych
The study presents the findings of research on developing heating curves of heavy parts for the open die forging process. Hot ingots are heated in a chamber furnace. The heating process of 10, 30, 50 Mg ingots was analyzed. In addition, bearing in mind their high susceptibility to fracture, the ingots were sorted into 3 heating groups, for which the initial furnace temperature was specified. The calculations were performed with self developed software Wlewek utilizing the finite element method for the temperature, stress and strain field computations.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących opracowywania krzywych nagrzewania odkuwek wielkogabarytowych przeznaczonych do kucia swobodnego. Proces nagrzewania gorących wlewków prowadzono w piecu komorowym. Analizowano proces nagrzewania wlewków 10, 30, 50 Mg. Dodatkowo mając na względzie dużą podatność na pękanie podzielono je na 3 grupy grzewcze, dla których wyznaczono początkową temperaturę pieca. Obliczenia wykonano Autorskim oprogramowaniem Wlewek służącym do obliczeń pola temperatury, naprężeń i odkształceń wlewków metodą elementów skończonych
Closing Data Gaps for LCA of Food Products: Estimating the Energy Demand of Food Processing
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyFood is one of the most energy and CO2-
intensive consumer goods. While environmental data on primary
agricultural products are increasingly becoming available, there
are large data gaps concerning food processing. Bridging these
gaps is important; for example, the food industry can use such
data to optimize processes from an environmental perspective,
and retailers may use this information for purchasing decisions.
Producers and retailers can then market sustainable products and
deliver the information demanded by governments and
consumers. Finally, consumers are increasingly interested in
the environmental information of foods in order to lower their
consumption impacts. This study provides estimation tools for
the energy demand of a representative set of food process unit
operations such as dehydration, evaporation, or pasteurization. These operations are used to manufacture a variety of foods and
can be combined, according to the product recipe, to quantify the heat and electricity demand during processing. In combination
with inventory data on the production of the primary ingredients, this toolbox will be a basis to perform life cycle assessment
studies of a large number of processed food products and to provide decision support to the stakeholders. Furthermore, a case
study is performed to illustrate the application of the tolos.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CTM2010-18118) and Coop Sustainability Fund, Switzerland for supporting the case study.Sanjuán Pellicer, MN.; Stoessel, F.; Hellweg, S. (2014). Closing Data Gaps for LCA of Food Products: Estimating the Energy Demand of Food Processing. Environmental Science and Technology. 48(2):1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4033716S1132114048