Combining ability of summer-squash lines with different degrees of parthenocarpy and PRSV-W resistance

The aim was to assess heterosis in a set of 16 summer-squash hybrids, and evaluate the combining capacity of the respective parental lines, which differed as to the degree of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W (Papaya Ringspot Virus-Watermelon strain). The hybrids were obtained using a partial diallel cross design (4 × 4). The lines of parental group I were 1 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-01-bulk, 2 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-03-10-bulk, 3 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-04-bulk and 4 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-05-01-bulk, and of group II, 1′ = ABX-037G-77-03-05-04-08-bulk, 2′ = ABX-037G-77-03-05-02-11-bulk, 3′ = Clarice and 4′ = Caserta. The 16 hybrids and eight parental lines were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance, parthenocarpic expression and yield in randomized complete-block designs, with three replications. Parthenocarpy and the resistance to PRSV-W were rated by means of a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = non-parthenocarpic or high resistance to PRSV-W, and 5 = parthenocarpic or high susceptibility to PRSV-W. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W. Whereas estimates of heterosis in parthenocarpy usually tended towards a higher degree, resistance to PRSV-W was towards higher susceptibility. At least one F1 hybrid was identified with a satisfactory degree of parthenocarpy, resistance to PRSV-W and high fruit-yield

Acylsucrose-Producing Tomato Plants Forces Bemisia tabaci to Shift Its Preferred Settling and Feeding Site

[Background] The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) causes dramatic damage to plants by transmitting yield-limiting virus diseases. Previous studies proved that the tomato breeding line ABL 14-8 was resistant to B. tabaci, the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). This resistance is based on the presence of type IV glandular trichomes and acylsucrose production. These trichomes deter settling and probing of B. tabaci in ABL 14-8, which reduces primary and secondary spread of TYLCD.[Methodology/Principal Findings] Whitefly settlement preference was evaluated on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of nearly-isogenic tomato lines with and without B. tabaci-resistance traits, 'ABL 14-8 and Moneymaker' respectively, under non-choice and free-choice conditions. In addition, the Electrical Penetration Graph technique was used to study probing and feeding activities of B. tabaci on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the same genotypes. B. tabaci preferred to settle on the abaxial than on the adaxial surface of 'Moneymaker' leaves, whereas no such preference was observed on ABL 14-8 tomato plants at the ten-leaf growth stage. Furthermore, B. tabaci preferred to feed on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface of 'Moneymarker' susceptible tomato plants as shown by a higher number of sustained phloem feeding ingestion events and a shorter time to reach the phloem. However, B. tabaci standard probing and feeding behavior patterns were altered in ABL 14-8 plants and whiteflies were unable to feed from the phloem and spent more time in non-probing activities when exposed to the abaxial leaf surface.[Conclusions/Significance] The distorted behavior of B. tabaci on ABL 14-8 protects tomato plants from the transmission of phloem-restricted viruses such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and forces whiteflies to feed on the adaxial side of leaves where they feed less efficiently and become more vulnerable to natural enemies. © 2012 Rodriguez-Lopez et al.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Spain (co-financed by FEDER) projects: AGL2007-66760-C02-02/AGR, AGL2007-66399-CO3-02/AGR, and AGL2010-22287-C02-01/AGR, AGL2010-22287-C02-01/AGR Consejería de Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, Spain (co-financed by FEDER-FSE) projects: AGR-214 and AGR-129Peer Reviewe

Dialelo entre linhagens de uma população de pepino do tipo 'Caipira' Diallel among lines of a 'Caipira' type cucumber population

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar as capacidades geral e específica de combinação de seis linhagens de pepino 'Caipira', hibridizadas em um esquema dialélico, totalizando 15 híbridos experimentais (H-1 a H-15) possíveis (sem recíprocos). O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com 23 tratamentos (6 linhagens, 15 híbridos experimentais e dois híbridos comerciais: 'Guarani' e 'Safira'), quatro repetições e 5 plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: número e massa total de frutos por planta, número e massa de frutos comerciais por planta e taxa de frutos comerciais. O híbrido 'H-5' foi o que apresentou as maiores heteroses para produção de frutos (45 a 51%), com produção comercial (em número de frutos por planta) superior a cinco linhagens e ao híbrido comercial 'Safira'. Tanto os efeitos aditivos como os não aditivos foram significativos para as características de produção de frutos (número e massa por planta), resultando em elevadas capacidades específicas de combinação para a maioria das combinações entre as linhagens. Das 75 estimativas de heterose obtidas, apenas três foram negativas.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate general and specific combining ability of six 'Caipira' cucumber lines, hybridized in a diallel cross, totalizing 15 experimental hybrids (H-1 to H-15), without reciprocals. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 23 treatments (6 lines, 15 experimental hybrids and two commercial hybrids: 'Safira' and 'Guarani'), four replicates and 5 plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: total fruit number and weight per plant, commercial fruit number and weight per plant and rate of commercial fruits. Hybrid H-5 showed the highest heterosis for fruit yield (45 to 51%), and had commercial yield (fruit number per plant) superior to five lines and to 'Safira' hybrid. Additive and non additive effects were significant for fruit yield (number and weight) per plant, resulting in high specific combining ability for most of lines combinations. From the 75 heterosis estimates, only three were negative

Desempenho produtivo, partenocarpia e expressão sexual de linhagens de pepino caipira em ambiente protegido Yield, parthenocarpy and sexual expression of 'caipira' cucumber lines under protected cultivation

Avaliou-se a capacidade produtiva, partenocarpia e expressão sexual de linhagens de pepino caipira sob cultivo em ambiente protegido. A capacidade produtiva foi avaliada em experimento em blocos ao acaso com 18 tratamentos (16 linhagens e dois híbridos do tipo caipira, Safira e Guarani), quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela, em estufa agrícola com as laterais abertas possibilitando a entrada de insetos polinizadores. A expressão sexual e a partenocarpia foram avaliadas em delineamento semelhante, utilizando 16 linhagens da população SHS (F2RC1 do cruzamento entre os híbridos Safira e Hatem (tipo holandês)) e 19 da população GH (F2 do cruzamento entre os híbridos Guarani e Hatem), porém este experimento foi conduzido em estufa agrícola fechada, com tela anti-afídeo, evitando- se a entrada de insetos polinizadores. A partenocarpia foi avaliada verificando o pegamento de frutos em cada linhagem. Várias linhagens foram estatisticamente similares aos híbridos em termos de produção, mas nenhuma foi superior. Os híbridos Safira e Guarani produziram respectivamente 23,1 e 19,1 frutos planta-1, sendo, respectivamente, 21,9 e 17,5 frutos comerciais. As massas total e comercial de frutos por planta foram respectivamente 3,8 e 3,6 kg para o híbrido Safira e 2,9 e 2,7 kg para o híbrido Guarani. A linhagem SHS-2 destacou-se pela boa produção, similar aos dois híbridos, apresentando frutos do tipo caipira claro, além de ser partenocárpica e possuir plantas ginóicas. Todas as linhagens da população SHS apresentaram frutos do tipo caipira, mas apenas cinco foram partenocárpicas. Na população GH, nove linhagens foram partenocárpicas e dez apresentaram frutos do tipo caipira. Duas linhagens da população SHS apresentaram apenas plantas monóicas, com as demais segregando para plantas ginóicas e monóicas. Na população GH, todas as plantas foram ginóicas. A população SHS é mais interessante para a obtenção de linhagens principalmente devido ao tipo de fruto caipira mais próximo dos frutos comerciais.<br>The yield capacity, parthenocarpy and sexual expression of 'caipira' cucumber lines were evaluated under protected cultivation. Yield capacity was evaluated in an experiment in randomized blocks design with 18 treatments (16 lines and two 'caipira' hybrids, Safira and Guarani), four replicates and five plants per plot, in a greenhouse with opened laterals to permit the entrance of pollinators. Sexual expression and parthenocarpy were evaluated in similar design, with 16 lines of SHS population (F2BC1 from the crossing between hybrids Safira and Hatem-beith alpha type) and 19 of GH population (F2 from the crossing between hybrids Guarani and Hatem), but this experiment was set up in closed greenhouse, with anti-aphid net, avoiding the entrance of pollinators. Parthenocarpy was evaluated verifying fruit set in each line. Many lines were statistically similar to hybrids in yield capacity, but none was superior. Hybrids Safira and Guarani yielded 23.1 and 19.1 fruits plant-1, and 21.9 and 17.5 commercial fruits, respectively. Total and commercial weights plant-1 were respectively 3.8 and 3.6 kg for hybrid Safira and 2.9 and 2.7 kg for hybrid Guarani. Line SHS-2 presented good yield, similar to both hybrids, with light 'caipira' fruit type, besides parthenocarpy and gynoecious plants. All lines from population SHS have 'caipira' fruit type, but only five were parthenocarpic. In population GH, nine lines were parthenocarpic and ten have 'caipira' fruit type. Two lines from population SHS have only monoecious plants, with the others segregating to gynoecious and monoecious plants. In population GH, all plants were gynoecious. SHS population is more interesting to obtain lines because the 'caipira' fruit type is more similar to commercial fruits