19 research outputs found

    Covichem: A biochemical severity risk score of COVID-19 upon hospital admission

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    Clinical and laboratory predictors of COVID-19 severity are now well described and combined to propose mortality or severity scores. However, they all necessitate saturable equipment such as scanners, or procedures difficult to implement such as blood gas measures. To provide an easy and fast COVID-19 severity risk score upon hospital admission, and keeping in mind the above limits, we sought for a scoring system needing limited invasive data such as a simple blood test and co-morbidity assessment by anamnesis. A retrospective study of 303 patients (203 from Bordeaux University hospital and an external independent cohort of 100 patients from Paris PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtriĂšre hospital) collected clinical and biochemical parameters at admission. Using stepwise model selection by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), we built the severity score Covichem. Among 26 tested variables, 7: obesity, cardiovascular conditions, plasma sodium, albumin, ferritin, LDH and CK were the independent predictors of severity used in Covichem (accuracy 0.87, AUROC 0.91). Accuracy was 0.92 in the external validation cohort (89% sensitivity and 95% specificity). Covichem score could be useful as a rapid, costless and easy to implement severity assessment tool during acute COVID-19 pandemic waves

    Hepcidin: immunoanalytic characteristics

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    International audienceHepcidin has progressively become essential in clinical practice for the diagnosis and follow-up of a large spectrum of diseases. Anyway, its own biochemical and structural characteristics have complicated and delayed the acquisition of a standardized quantifying tool of the peptide

    Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers of status epilepticus

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    International audienceStatus epilepticus is a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms that lead to abnormally prolonged seizures and require urgent administration of antiepileptic drugs. Refractory status epilepticus requires anesthetics drugs and may lead to brain injury with molecular and cellular alterations (eg, inflammation, and neuronal and astroglial injury) that could induce neurologic sequels and further development of epilepsy. Outcome scores based on demographic, clinical, and electroencephalography (EEG) condition are available, allowing prediction of the risk of mortality, but the severity of brain injury in survivors is poorly evaluated. New biomarkers are needed to predict with higher accuracy the outcome of patients admitted with status in an intensive care unit. Here, we summarize the findings of studies from patients and animal models of status epilepticus. Specific protein markers can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood. One of the first described markers of neuronal death is the neuron-specific enolase. Gliosis resulting from inflammatory responses after status can be detected through the increase of S100-beta, or some cytokines, like the High Mobility Group Box 1. Other proteins, like progranulin may reflect the neuroprotective mechanisms resulting from the brain adaptation to excitotoxicity. These new biomarkers aim to prospectively identify the severity and development of disability, and subsequent epilepsy of patients with status. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each biomarker, by evaluating their brain specificity, stability in the fluids, and sensitivity to external interferences, such as hemolysis. Finally, we emphasize the need for further development and validation of such biomarkers in order to better assess patients with severe status epilepticus

    Place de la biopsie en 2021 dans la démarche diagnostique des maladies mitochondriales.

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    National audienceLes maladies mitochondriales (MM) regroupent un ensemble de pathologies liĂ©es Ă  un dĂ©ficit de la chaine respiratoire mitochondriale (CRM). Elles sont dues Ă  de mutations ou dĂ©lĂ©tions dans des gĂšnes localisĂ©s soit sur l’ADN mitochondrial, soit sur le gĂ©nome nuclĂ©aire. Devant des symptĂŽmes Ă©vocateurs de cytopathie mitochondriale, la dĂ©marche diagnostique classique comprend la rĂ©alisation de bilans mĂ©taboliques de screening, l’imagerie, l’étude spĂ©cifique de la chaĂźne respiratoire, l’histopathologie et la biologie molĂ©culaire. Les dosages des complexes de la CRM, l’histopathologie ainsi que l’analyse de l’ADNmt sont le plus souvent rĂ©alisĂ©s sur le muscle squelettique du fait des variations d’hĂ©tĂ©roplasmie de l’ADNmt. Ces techniques longues et dĂ©licates permettent de mettre en Ă©vidence une possible MM mais ne distinguent pas les atteintes primaires des atteintes secondaires. Seule la mise en Ă©vidence du gĂšne causal pose le diagnostic de MM. Depuis quelques annĂ©es, la place croissante du NGS tend Ă  systĂ©matiser les analyses molĂ©culaires en premiĂšre intention sur des matrices telles que les urines ou le sang. Etant donnĂ© l’expertise nĂ©cessaire pour l’interprĂ©tation de l’histologie, la complexitĂ© du dosage des complexes de la CRM, le caractĂšre invasif d’une biopsie et la rapiditĂ© d’obtention des rĂ©sultats molĂ©culaires, nous avons dĂ©cidĂ© d’évaluer la place de la biopsie dans la dĂ©marche diagnostique des MM en 2021. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective sur 260 patients en utilisant plusieurs paramĂštres: la CRM, l’examen anatomopathologique et les rĂ©sultats de biologie molĂ©culaire, en choisissant des critĂšres histologiques et biochimiques « Ă©vocateurs de MM ». Nous avons ensuite Ă©valuĂ© la sensibilitĂ© et spĂ©cificitĂ© des analyses musculaires en diagnostic mais aussi pour Ă©valuer la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© des variants de signification inconnue. Dans notre cohorte, pour 76% des cas le diagnostic molĂ©culaire pouvait obtenu sur le sang, dans 6% des cas sur un autre tissu comme les urines et pour les 18% les variants n’étaient dĂ©tectĂ©s que sur l’ADN extrait du muscle. Notre Ă©tude a montrĂ© que la CRM est spĂ©cifique et peu sensible Ă  l’inverse de l’étude histologique mais que dans les deux cas ces analyses ont une forte valeur prĂ©dictive nĂ©gative (90%) mais une faible valeur prĂ©dictive positive (32%). Elles permettent d’avoir des arguments forts pour poursuivre les explorations molĂ©culaires par un gĂ©nome, lorsque les panels (non exhaustifs) sont nĂ©gatifs. En ce qui concernant les VSI Ă©tudiĂ©s, l’étude fonctionnelle de la CRM a permis d’appuyer la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© de la mutation dans 42% des cas. La biopsie musculaire ne se situe plus forcĂ©ment en amont des Ă©tudes molĂ©culaires mais les complĂšte lorsque celles –ci sont nĂ©gatives. Elle reste tout de mĂȘme essentielle pour le diagnostic de dĂ©lĂ©tions uniques de l’ADNmt qui ne sont dĂ©tectables que sur des ADNs extraits de muscle et est utile dans le diagnostic des MM Ă  prĂ©sentation musculaire (diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel)

    Adult Cerebellar Ataxia, Axonal Neuropathy, and Sensory Impairments Caused by Biallelic SCO2 Variants

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    International audienceSCO2 encodes a 266-amino-acid metallochaperone involved in copper supply for the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV (CIV). CIV is the terminal enzyme of the energy-transducing respiratory chain that transfers electrons from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen via 3 copper ions.1 SCO2 pathogenic variants were first identified in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, often associated with developmental delay and lactic acidosis2 (Figure, A). SCO2 variants were then reported in children with Leigh syndrome3 and early-onset axonal neuropathy,4 possibly associated with cerebellar ataxia5 (Figure, A). Here, we report heterozygous missense SCO2 variants in a 48-year-old patient presenting with a complex neurologic and sensory phenotype comprising cerebellar ataxia, sensory neuronopathy, deafness, pigmentary retinopathy, and cataract

    Homoplasmic deleterious MT-ATP6/8 mutations in adult patients

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    To address the frequency of complex V defects, we systematically sequenced MT-ATP6/8 genes in 512 consecutive patients. We performed functional analysis in muscle or fibroblasts for 12 out of 27 putative homoplasmic mutations and in cybrids for four. Fibroblasts, muscle and cybrids with known deleterious mutations underwent parallel analysis. It included oxidative phosphorylation spectrophotometric assays, western blots, structural analysis, ATP production, glycolysis and cell proliferation evaluation. We demonstrated the deleterious nature of three original mutations. Striking gradation in severity of the mutations consequences and differences between muscle, fibroblasts and cybrids implied a likely under-diagnosis of human complex V defects

    Novel Phenotypes and Cardiac Involvement Associated With DNA2 Genetic Variants

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    International audienceObjectives: To report two novel DNA2 gene mutations causing early onset myopathy with cardiac involvement and late onset mitochondriopathy with rhabdomyolysis. Methods: We performed detailed clinical, muscle histopathology and molecular studies including mitochondrial gene NGS analysis in two patients (Patient 1 and 2), a mother and her son, belonging to a Mexican family, and a third sporadic French patient. Results: Patient 1 and 2 presented with an early onset myopathy associated with ptosis, velopharyngeal weakness, and cardiac involvement. Patient 3 presented rhabdomyolysis unmasking a mitochondrial disease characterized by a sensorineural hearing loss, ptosis, and lipomas. Muscle biopsies performed in all patients showed variable mitochondrial alterations. Patient 3 had multiple mtDNA deletion in his muscle. Genetic studies revealed a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation in DNA2 gene (c.2346delT p.Phe782Leufs*3) in P1 and P2, and a novel heterozygous missense mutation in DNA2 gene (c.578T>C p.Leu193Ser) in the P3. Conclusions: To date only few AD cases presenting either missense or truncating DNA2 variants have been reported. None of them presented with a cardiac involvement or rhabdomyolysis. Here we enlarge the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of DNA2-related mitochondrial disorders

    IntĂ©rĂȘt du sĂ©quençage combinĂ© du gĂ©nome mitochondrial et d’un panel ciblĂ© de gĂšnes nuclĂ©aires impliquĂ©s dans les maladies mitochondriales

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    International audienceThe molecular study of mitochondrial diseases, essential for diagnosis, is special due to the dual genetic origin of these pathologies: mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA. Complete mtDNA sequencing still remains the first line diagnostic test followed if negative, by resequencing panels of several hundred mitochondrially-encoded nuclear genes. This strategy, with an initial entire mtDNA sequencing, is currently justified by the presence of nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (NUMTs) in the nuclear genome. We designed a resequencing panel combining the mtDNA and 135 nuclear genes which was evaluated compared to the performances of the standard mtDNA sequencing. Method validation was performed on the reading depth and reproducibility of the results. Thirty patients were analyzed by both methods. We were able to demonstrate that NUMTs did not impact the mtDNA sequencing quality, as the identified variants and mutant loads were identical with the reference mtDNA sequencing method. Reading depths were higher than the recommendations of the MitoDiag French diagnostic network, for the entire mtDNA for muscle and for 70% of the mtDNA for blood. These results highlight the usefulness of combining both mtDNA and mitochondrially nuclear-encoded genes and thus obtain more complete results and faster turnaround time for mitochondrial disease patients.Le diagnostic molĂ©culaire des maladies mitochondriales est complexe du fait de la double origine gĂ©nĂ©tique de ces pathologies : ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt) et ADN nuclĂ©aire (ADNn). Le sĂ©quençage complet de l’ADNmt reste l’analyse de premiĂšre intention complĂ©tĂ© si besoin par l’étude de l’ADNn. Cette stratĂ©gie avec un sĂ©quençage isolĂ© de l’ADNmt se justifie par l’existence de pseudogĂšnes mitochondriaux au niveau nuclĂ©aire. Nous avons Ă©laborĂ© un panel comprenant l’ADNmt et 135 gĂšnes nuclĂ©aires que nous avons comparĂ©s au sĂ©quençage isolĂ© de l’ADNmt. Trente patients ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par les deux mĂ©thodes. La validation de mĂ©thode a Ă©tĂ© faite sur la profondeur de lecture et la reproductibilitĂ© des rĂ©sultats. Nous avons mis en Ă©vidence l’absence d’impact des pseudogĂšnes sur la dĂ©tection et la quantification de l’hĂ©tĂ©roplasmie des variants de l’ADNmt. Les profondeurs sont supĂ©rieures aux recommandations du rĂ©seau pour l’intĂ©gralitĂ© de l’ADNmt pour le muscle et pour 70 % pour le sang. Ces rĂ©sultats mettent en avant l’intĂ©rĂȘt du sĂ©quençage commun de l’ADNmt et ADNn permettant l’obtention de rĂ©sultats complets, dans un dĂ©lai plus court

    Les neurofilaments : un nouveau biomarqueur clĂ© pour les cliniciens. Partie 2 : neurofilaments, un intĂ©rĂȘt au-delĂ  des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives

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    Neurofilaments (Nf) are proteins selectively expressed in the cytoskeleton of neurons, and their increase is a marker of neuronal damage. The potential utility of neurofilament light chain (NfL) has recently increased considerably, well beyond neurodegenerative diseases, due to analytical advances that allow measurement of their concentrations (even low ones) in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This article completes the first part, in which we presented the interest of NfL in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we focus our review on other clinical contexts of neurological injury (such as traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and cancer) and present the potential value of NfL assay in the management of these patients, for both diagnosis and prognosis. We also discuss the added value of the NfL assay compared to other biomarkers commonly used in the described clinical situations.Les neurofilaments (Nf) sont des protĂ©ines sĂ©lectivement exprimĂ©es dans le cytosquelette des neurones, dont l’augmentation est un marqueur de dommages neuronaux. L’utilitĂ© potentielle de la chaĂźne lĂ©gĂšre des neurofilaments (NfL) s’est rĂ©cemment considĂ©rablement accrue, bien au-delĂ  des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives, grĂące aux progrĂšs analytiques permettant de mesurer leurs niveaux (mĂȘmes faibles) dans le liquide cĂ©rĂ©bro-spinal et le sang. Cet article complĂšte la premiĂšre partie, dans laquelle nous avions prĂ©sentĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt des NfL dans le contexte des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives. Nous axons ici notre revue sur d’autres contextes cliniques de lĂ©sions neurologiques (tels que les traumatismes crĂąniens, la sclĂ©rose en plaques, les accidents vasculaires cĂ©rĂ©braux et le cancer) et prĂ©sentons l’intĂ©rĂȘt potentiel du dosage des NfL pour la prise en charge de ces patients, tant au niveau diagnostique que pronostique. Nous discutons Ă©galement de la plus-value du dosage des NfL par rapport aux autres biomarqueurs couramment utilisĂ©s dans les contextes cliniques dĂ©crits

    Les neurofilaments : un nouveau biomarqueur clĂ© pour les cliniciens. Partie 1 : intĂ©rĂȘt des neurofilaments dans la prise en charge des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives

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    International audienceNeurological biomarkers are of great use for clinicians, as they can be used for numerous purposes: guiding clinical diagnosis, estimating prognosis, assessing disease stage and monitoring progression or response to treatment. This field of neurology has evolved considerably in recent years due to analytical improvements in assay methods, now allowing the detection of biomarkers not only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but also in blood. This progress greatly facilitates the repeated quantification of biomarkers, the collection of blood being much less invasive than that of CSF. Among the various informative biomarkers of neurological disorders, neurofilaments light chains (NfL) have proven to be particularly attractive in many contexts, in particular for the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases (which this review will present), but also in other contexts of neurological disorders (which will be detailed in part 2). We further address the added value of NfL compared to other biomarkers commonly used to monitor the diseases described in this review.Les biomarqueurs neurologiques sont d’une grande utilitĂ©, car ils peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s Ă  de nombreuses fins : orienter le diagnostic clinique, estimer le pronostic, Ă©valuer le stade de la maladie et surveiller la progression ou la rĂ©ponse au traitement. Ce domaine de la neurologie a considĂ©rablement Ă©voluĂ© ces derniĂšres annĂ©es grĂące Ă  l’amĂ©lioration des mĂ©thodes de dosage, permettant dĂ©sormais la dĂ©tection de biomarqueurs non seulement dans le liquide cĂ©rĂ©bro-spinal (LCS) mais aussi dans le sang. Ce progrĂšs facilite la quantification rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e des biomarqueurs, le prĂ©lĂšvement de sang Ă©tant beaucoup moins invasif que celui du LCS. Parmi les diffĂ©rents biomarqueurs informatifs des troubles neurologiques, la chaĂźne lĂ©gĂšre des neurofilaments (NfL) s’est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e particuliĂšrement intĂ©ressante dans de nombreux contextes, notamment pour le diagnostic et le pronostic des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives (que cette revue prĂ©sentera), mais aussi dans d’autres contextes de troubles neurologiques (qui seront dĂ©taillĂ©s dans la partie 2). La valeur ajoutĂ©e du NfL par rapport aux autres biomarqueurs couramment utilisĂ©s est analysĂ©e
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