Nutritional value of edible mushrooms

The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the proximate composition, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), dietary fiber and phosphorus contents of the more cultivated mushrooms in Brazil (Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleorotus spp.). Five different batches, from different brands of each mushroom were analyzed according to methods described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. For total solids, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and dietary fiber, the average values, on a dry weight basis, were respectively: 9.37, 23.22, 4.71, 8.89, 63.17 and 34.0 g. 100 g(-1). For phosphorus and vitamin C, the average values on a wet weight basis were: 104.13 and 6.67 mg. 100 g(-1). From their compositions, the mushrooms studied here were shown to be excellent nutritional foods, presenting high protein and dietary fiber contents, low fat contents and reasonable sources of phosphorus, although poor vitamin C sources.27115415

Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon

The centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of Lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. For this purpose, the C, N, pH, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. The substrates were formulated from Simarouba amara Aubl. marupá"), Ochroma piramidale Cav. Ex. Lam. pau-de-balsa") and Anacardium giganteum cajuí") sawdust and Bactris gasipaes Kunth pupunheira") stipe and Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane bagasse). The results indicated that the nutritional composition of L. strigosus varied with the substrate of cultivation; the protein levels found in mushrooms grown in the different substrates (18 –21.5%) varied with the substrate and was considered high; the soluble solids present in the mushrooms could have a relation with complex B hydrosoluble vitamins. L. strigosus could be considered as important food owing to its nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, metabolizable carbohydrates and fibers, and low lipids and calories content.Avaliou-se a composição centesimal e análise físico-química do Lentinus strigosus, um cogumelo comestível de ocorrência na Amazônia brasileira, produzidos em substratos alternativos à base de resíduos madeireiros e agroindustriais. Com este objetivo, determinou-se C, N, pH, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água, proteína, lipídios, fibra total, cinzas, carboidratos e energia. Os substratos foram formulados a partir de serragem de Simarouba amara Aubl. (marupá), Ochroma piramidale Cav. ex. Lam. (pau-de-balsa) e Anacardium giganteum (cajuí); e do estipe de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (pupunheira) e de Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar). Os resultados demonstraram que: a composição nutricional do L. strigosus variou com o substrato de cultivo; os valores de proteína encontrados nos cogumelos cultivados nos diferentes substratos (18 - 21,5%) variaram de acordo com o substrato, sendo considerados elevados; os sólidos solúveis presentes nos cogumelos podem ter relação com vitaminas hidrossolúveis do complexo B; o L. strigosus pode ser considerado um importante alimento devido suas características nutricionais: alto teor de proteína, carboidratos metabolizáveis e fibras; baixos teores de lipídios e de calorias

Survey of mycotoxins in wheat and wheat products sold in health food stores of the city of Campinas, state of Sao Paulo

Thirty-eight samples of whole wheat and its products (whole wheat: 4, whole wheat flakes: 1, wheat bran: 3, wheat germ: 4, gluten flour: 2, cracked wheat: 7, whole wheat flour: 5, whole wheat spaghetti: 11. semolina: 1) were purchased in health food stores of the city of Campinas, S.P., during 1991. The samples were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), toxins T-2 and HT-L, T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol by a gas chromatographic method. A thin layer multitoxin method was employed to screen for aflatoxins B-1, B-2, G(1), G(2), ochratoxin A (OCHRA A), zearalenone (ZEN), and sterigmatocystin. The results were negative for the 14 toxins investigated.271414

Analysis of pesticide residues in sugarcane juice using QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography with electron capture detection

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)QuEChERS sample preparation was used for the determination of 7 pesticides residues in 80 samples of sugarcane juice collected from two Brazilian cities, in two different periods. The method involved extraction with acetonitrile, liquid-liquid partition with addition of MgSO(4) and NaCl followed by dispersive SPE cleanup with PSA sorbent and the analyses were carried out with a GC-ECD equipment. The method was validated using sugarcane juice spiked at 0.025, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/L and the average recovery by the method varied from 62.9% to 107.5% with RSDs < 18%. The method showed good linearity and the LODs for the pesticides studied ranged from 0.003 to 0.04 mg/L No pesticide residue was detected (>LOD) amongst the 80 samples analysed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.126312831287Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Warehouse control of Aspergillus flavus link and A-parasiticus speare on peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) by phosphine fumigation and its effect on aflatoxin production

Six stacks of 36 bags containing ca. 50 kg of unshelled peanuts with moisture contents in the range of 18.0 to 21.0% (wet basis) (average 19.3%) were formed in a commercial warehouse located in a peanut-producing area in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Three stacks were fumigated with phosphine for 7 days. An initial dose of 3.0 g of aluminum phosphide per m(3) was applied. A second and a third application of the same dose were carried out 24 and 144 h later. Before fumigation, infection by Aspergillus flavus and/or A. parasiticus was either not detected in the peanut mass or was very low (1 to 13%), but contamination with aflatoxins (up to 191 mu g/kg) was found in all stacks. After the fumigation treatments, a striking increase in infection was observed in the nonfumigated stacks (73 to 100% infected kernels) while in the fumigated stacks, A. flavus and/or A. parasiticus were either not detected or were isolated in insignificant amounts, indicating that phosphine was able to control fungal development in spite of the high moisture content of the kernels. After the fumigation period, the contamination levels of aflatoxins in the treated stacks remained unchanged, while the untreated stacks showed a staggering increase (up to 10,000 mu g/kg of peanuts). After a month, however, no difference was observed in aflatoxin contamination and infection by A. flavus and A. parasiticus between the untreated and the treated stacks.59440741