Visual examination apparatus

An automated visual examination apparatus for measuring visual sensitivity and mapping blind spot location including a projection system for displaying to a patient a series of visual stimuli. A response switch enables him to indicate his reaction to the stimuli, and a recording system responsive to both the visual stimuli per se and the patient's response. The recording system thereby provides a correlated permanent record of both stimuli and response from which a substantive and readily apparent visual evaluation can be made

Visual examination apparatus

An automated visual examination apparatus for measuring visual sensitivity and mapping blind spot location is described. The apparatus includes a projection system for displaying to a patient a series of visual stimuli, a response switch enabling him to indicate his reaction to the stimuli, and a recording system responsive to both the visual stimuli per se and the patient's response. The recording system provides a correlated permanent record of both stimuli and response from which a substantive and readily apparent visual evaluation can be made

Visual sensitivity tester

Testing device uses closed loop film cassettes to project programmed visual stimuli on screen which the observer views through a lens making the stimuli appear to be at optical infinity. Tester is useful for determining changes in glautomatous visual field sensitivity

La helicicultura en argentina : una aproximación desde el enfoque de sistemas blandos

97-108Globalization printed particular features in the agri-food sector by increasing the interest on alternative agricultural production, including the heliciculture. In Argentina, during the period 2001- 2006, this activity was strongly promoted from the perspective of agribusiness, which may be insufficient to explain the trajectory of activities in which the social relations of opposition or marked differences of power between actors exert a decisive influence. The application of tools of the soft systems could complement this theoretical framework highlighting other elements and relationships arising from the perception of the actors involved. The aim of this study was to model the heliciculture system in Argentina during the period 2001-2012 in order to analyze the evolution of the activity. Three methodological tools were used: 1) Soft systems methodology (SSM) on his first and second phase, 2) system dynamics, and 3) social networking setup. This last analysis was based on two network indicators: density and centrality. The results showed that the heliciculture system in Argentina during the period under review was mainly developed from informal interaction between representatives of processing plants and collectors, in response to international demand, began to use a local wild resource. This interaction was kept until 2006. From this year, changes in economic variables led to a decrease in demand from the processing plants, discouraging the collection, thus explaining the variation in the indexes that characterize the structure of social networks configured for the periods 2001-2006 and 2007-2012. The model developed is a complementary tool to the agribusiness approach, since it allows to identify the effect of changes on the elements that compose it and propose intervention in order to maintain the sustainability of the heliciculture system

La helicicultura en argentina: Una aproximación desde el enfoque de sistemas blandos

Globalization printed particular features in the agri-food sector by increasing the interest on alternative agricultural production, including the heliciculture. In Argentina, during the period 2001- 2006, this activity was strongly promoted from the perspective of agribusiness, which may be insufficient to explain the trajectory of activities in which the social relations of opposition or marked differences of power between actors exert a decisive influence. The application of tools of the soft systems could complement this theoretical framework highlighting other elements and relationships arising from the perception of the actors involved. The aim of this study was to model the heliciculture system in Argentina during the period 2001-2012 in order to analyze the evolution of the activity. Three methodological tools were used: 1) Soft systems methodology (SSM) on his first and second phase, 2) system dynamics, and 3) social networking setup. This last analysis was based on two network indicators: density and centrality. The results showed that the heliciculture system in Argentina during the period under review was mainly developed from informal interaction between representatives of processing plants and collectors, in response to international demand, began to use a local wild resource. This interaction was kept until 2006. From this year, changes in economic variables led to a decrease in demand from the processing plants, discouraging the collection, thus explaining the variation in the indexes that characterize the structure of social networks configured for the periods 2001-2006 and 2007-2012. The model developed is a complementary tool to the agribusiness approach, since it allows to identify the effect of changes on the elements that compose it and propose intervention in order to maintain the sustainability of the heliciculture system.La globalización imprimió características p a r ticulares en el sector agroalimentario incrementando el interés por las producciones agropecuarias alternativas; entre ellas, la helicicultura. En Argentina, durante el período 2001-2006, la helicicultura fue fuertemente promocionada desde la visión de los agronegocios, que puede resultar insuficiente para explicar la trayectoria de actividades en las que las relacio- nes de oposición o marcadas diferencias de poder entre actores ejercen una influencia determinan- te. La aplicación de herramientas propias de los sistemas blandos podría complementar ese marco teórico poniendo de manifiesto otros elementos e interrelaciones que surgen de la percepción de los actores intervinientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue modelar el sistema helicícola en Argentina durante el período 2001-2012, con el fin de ana- lizar la evolución de la actividad. Se utilizaron tres herramientas metodológicas: 1) Soft systems methodology (SSM) en sus fases 1 y 2; 2) diná- mica de sistemas, y 3) configuración de redes sociales. El análisis de la estructura de las redes sociales se realizó a partir de dos indicadores: densidad y centralidad. Los resultados mostraron que el sistema productivo helicícola en Argentina durante el período analizado se desarrolló princi- palmente a partir de la interacción informal entre representantes de plantas procesadoras y recolectores que, en respuesta a una demanda internacional, comenzaron a utilizar un recurso silvestre local. Esta interacción se mantuvo hasta el año 2006. A partir de ese año, cambios en las variables económicas indujeron a una disminución de la demanda por parte de las plantas procesadoras, desalentando la recolección y explicando así la variación en los índices que caracterizan la estructura de las redes sociales configuradas para los períodos 2001-2006 y 2007-2012. El modelo desarrollado constituye una herramienta complementaria al enfoque de agronegocios, ya que permite identificar el efecto de cambios sobre los elementos que lo componen y proponer estrategias de intervención tendientes a mantener la sustentabilidad del sistema helicícola