Made from Mud: Functional Categorization and Analyses of Bronze Age Earthen Materials from Western Turkey

This contribution presents the results of a pilot study of earthen materials excavated at the Middle to Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı, located in western Anatolia. It argues that systematic collection and analysis of fragmentary and difficult‑to‑identify earthen materials is challenging, yet crucial. These materials inform on activities of which traces are preserved in the archaeological record but which have been largely under‑ ‑researched. Flourishing studies on earthen findings foreground architectural materials, such as mudbrick, and well‑preserved features and objects. However, earthen objects and architectural features were utilized more widely than in building architecture and only a small portion of excavated sites has good preservation. We, therefore, present the different categories of earthen materials discovered at Kaymakçı, specifically ar‑ chitecture, installations, and portable items. Our work demonstrates that by incorporating new knowledge of archaeological remains at the site and re‑studying the earthen assemblage it is possible to gain a better understanding of the morphological, functional, and social aspects of this dataset

It Seems to Me: Selected Letters of Eleanor Roosevelt

One of the most important women of the twentieth century, Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) was also one of its most prolific letter writers. Yet never before has a selection of her letters to public figures, world leaders, and individuals outside her family been made available to general readers and to historians unable to visit the archives at Hyde Park. It Seems to Me demonstrates Roosevelt\u27s significance as a stateswoman and professional politician, particularly after her husband\u27s death in 1945. These letters reveal a dimension of her personality often lost in collections of letters to family members and friends, that of a shrewd, self-confident woman unafraid to speak her mind. In her letters, Roosevelt lectured Truman, badgered Eisenhower, and critiqued Kennedy. She disagreed with the Catholic Church over aid to parochial schools, made recommendations for political appointments, expressed her opinion on the conviction of Alger Hiss. Some letters demonstrate her commitment to civil rights, many her understanding of Cold War politics, and still others her support of labor unions. As a whole, this collection provides unique insights into both Eleanor Roosevelt\u27s public life, as well as American culture and politics during the decades following World War II. Leonard C. Schlup, a professional historian who lives in Akron, Ohio, has written numerous articles and essays for historical dictionaries and encyclopedias. Donald W. Whisenhunt, professor of history at Western Washington University, is the author of Poetry of the People: Poems to the President, 1929-1945. Roosevelt’s writings demonstrate her significance as a stateswoman and professional politician. They also reveal a dimension of her personality often lost in collections of letters to family members and friends—that of a shrewd, self-confident woman unafraid to speak her mind. —Appalachian Quarterly Schlup and Whisenhunt’s annotated selections span 50 years but deliberately emphasize the period after FDR’s death. . . . Correspondents included Churchill, Averell Harriman, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, and Martin Luther King Jr. Forthright, savvy, and deeply opposed to oppression in all forms, Roosevelt tackled everything from conflicts in the Middle East to school funding to racism. —Booklist They show that ER did not withdraw from the public scene after FDR died but rather became even more outspoken in her support of rights for minorities and women and in the pursuit of world peace. —Bowling Green Daily News The first comprehensive collection of her letters to public figures, world leaders, and individuals outside her family. —Feminist Academic Press Relatively little has been published about Roosevelt\u27s life as a public figure after her husband Franklin’s death in 1945. It Seems to Me helps correct this imbalance. . . . A valuable source of primary material and a fascinating read. —Florida Historical Quarterly Develops a new appreciation of the range and depth of Eleanor Roosevelt’s knowledge of public affairs. —J. William T. Youngs The first volume of her letters to political leaders. . . . Superbly introduced and footnoted for the general reader to gain insight into the public persona that Roosevelt created for herself during the second half of her productive life. —Library Journal Begins to fill the gap in the scholarship and can help draw attention to her political vision and the courage she took in defense of democracy. —Maryland Historical Magazine These letters trace the development of her thoughts on a multitude of issues and show Roosevelt as a stateswoman and professional politician. —McCormick (SC) Messenger Provides a more direct approach to Roosevelt’s place in public life, while at the same time providing additional information about her personality and values. —New Deal Offers many profound insights into the thoughts, character and nature of this esteemed American woman. —Salem (OH) News Roosevelt’s letters reflect her insights, courage and determination. —Tucson Daily Starhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/1110/thumbnail.jp

Ariel - Volume 2 Number 8

Editors Richard J. Bonanno Robin A. Edwards Associate Editors Steven Ager Stephen Flynn Shep Dickman Tom Williams Lay-out Editor Eugenia Miller Contributing Editors Michael J. Blecker Milton Packe James J. Nocon Lynne Porter Editors Emeritus Delvyn C. Case, Jr. Paul M. Fernhof

Controle automático da umidade do solo com energia solar para pequenos produtores.

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um protótipo autônomo de irrigação energizado por uma célula fotovoltaica de 5 W, baseado na plataforma Arduino (código e hardware aberto). O sistema consiste de um sensor de umidade do solo que ao atingir um dado sinal elétrico aciona um dispositivo solenoide de liberação do fluxo de água em uma rede de irrigação. O sistema tem custo aproximado de R$240, é de fácil manipulação e manutenção, e funciona de maneira autônoma durante o dia quando há energia solar disponível. O emprego do sistema pode aumentar a produtividade de pequenos produtores pela redução do estresse em períodos de seca

Use of Cellulosic Materials as Dye Adsorbents — A Prospective Study

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer of nature, and it is widely used in the synthesis of new materials as well as in the adsorption of dye. This study reports a literature review (articles) and technology review (patents) about publications and product invention, which contain information on the use of cellulose on the adsorption of dyes in the period 2004–2014. For this work, research database and keywords were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. Specific words were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. After a demanding research, 1 patent and 23 articles that contain the words “cellulose,” “dye,” and “adsorption or sorption” in their titles were assessed, and annual evolution studies were performed for publications and countries that publish more

Infrared Nonlinear Optics

Contains report on one research project.U. S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR-76-2894

Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and preserving mudbrick architecture in regional and diachronic contexts

Mudbrick is a challenging material to interpret, maintain, and preserve in terms of planning and treatment decision-making – especially when recovered during archaeological excavation. Further challenges exist where mudbrick remains have been exposed and abandoned, as interactions with the environment (especially water and wind) introduce additional dissolution and damage of the resource. In this paper, we present multidisciplinary research focused on the interpretation and preservation of ancient and vernacular mudbrick architecture in the Marmara Lake Basin in western Turkey. Of interest is the preservation of mudbrick and stone foundations at Kaymakçı, a Middle to Late Bronze Age, ridge-top citadel. We demonstrate that utilizing multiples lines of evidence, including macromorphological, mineralogical, and chemical studies interpreted within the context of extant vernacular traditions in the region, produces a nuanced understanding of the archaeological evidence. Further, ethnographic and experimental archaeological research with local stakeholders allowed for the development of a robust template for testing and implementing sustainable site-preservation strategies for in situ architecture with immediate communities

Made from mud: functional categorization and analyses of Bronze Age earthen materials from Western Turkey

This contribution presents the results of a pilot study of earthen materials excavated at the Middle to Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı, located in western Anatolia. It argues that systematic collection and analysis of fragmentary and difficult-to-identify earthen materials is challenging, yet crucial. These materials inform on activities of which traces are preserved in the archaeological record but which have been largely under-researched. Flourishing studies on earthen findings foreground architectural materials, such as mudbrick, and well-preserved features and objects. However, earthen objects and architectural features were utilized more widely than in building architecture and only a small portion of excavated sites has good preservation. We, therefore, present the different categories of earthen materials discovered at Kaymakçı, specifically architecture, installations, and portable items. Our work demonstrates that by incorporating new knowledge of archaeological remains at the site and re-studying the earthen assemblage it is possible to gain a better understanding of the morphological, functional, and social aspects of this dataset