Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

This is the final version. Available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record. Data availability: Data used in this study can be found in cited references for the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database6 (non-native status), the KEW Plants of the World database5 (native ranges) and the Global Environmental Composite63,77 (environmental data layers). Plant trait data were extracted from Maynard et al.78. Data from the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative (GFBI) database57 are not available due to data privacy and sharing restrictions, but can be obtained upon request via Science-I (https://science-i.org/) or GFBI (gfbinitiative.org) and an approval from data contributors.Code availability All code used to complete analyses for the manuscript is available at the following link: https://github.com/thomaslauber/Global-Tree-Invasion. Data analyses were conducted and were visualizations generated in R (v. 4.2.2), Python (v. 3.9.7), Google Earth Engine (earthengine-api 0.1.306), QGIS-LTR (v. 3.16.7) and the ETH Zurich Euler cluster.Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science FoundationBernina FoundationDOB Ecolog

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: Tree occurrence data from the Global Forest Biodiversity initiative (GFBi) is available upon request via Science-I (https://science-i.org) or the GFBi website (https://www.gfbiinitiative.org/). Information on leaf habit (evergreen vs deciduous) and leaf form (broadleaved vs needle-leaved) came from the TRY database (https://www.try-db.org). Additional, leaf-type data came from the Tallo dataset (https://zenodo.org/record/6637599). Plot-level soil information came from the World Soil Information Service (WOSIS) dataset (https://www.isric.org/explore/wosis).Code availability: All code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967245.Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling

Endotracheal and upper airways suctioning: changes in newborns’ physiological parameters Aspiración del tubo endotraqueal y de las vías aéreas superiores: alteraciones en los parámetros fisiológicos en recién nacidos Aspiração do tubo orotraqueal e de vias aéreas superiores: alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos em recém-nascidos

This study investigated which physiological parameters change when endotracheal and upper airway suctioning is performed immediately before, immediately after and five minutes after this procedure is performed in newborns hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This is a quantitative and longitudinal study, before and after type, performed in the NICU of a public institution in the city of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The sample was composed of 104 newborns using oxigenotherapy and who needed endotracheal and upper airway suctioning. The results showed significant alterations in respiratory and heart rates (p<0.05) in neonates using Oxyhood and nasal CPAP while the pulse significantly changed (p<0.05) in newborns placed in oxyhood, using nasal CPAP and Mechanical Ventilation; oxygen saturation was the only parameter that did not alter significantly. We propose that nurses develop non-pharmacological interventions to reduce potential alterations caused in newborns’ physiological parameters due to this procedure.<br>Se objetivó investigar cuales son los parámetros fisiológicos que se alteran en la ejecución de la aspiración del tubo endotraqueal (TOT) y de las vías aéreas superiores (VAS), comparándolos inmediatamente antes, inmediatamente después y cinco minutos después de la realización del referido procedimiento. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, del tipo antes y después, realizado en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) de una institución pública en Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. La muestra constó de 104 recién nacidos que usaban oxigenoterapia, y que necesitaron de aspiración del tubo endotraqueal y de las vías aéreas superiores. Los resultados mostraron, alteraciones significativas (p<0,05) en las frecuencias respiratorias (FR) y cardíaca (FC) de los recién nacidos en uso de Oxi-Hood y CPAP nasal, y también del pulso (p<0,05) para los recién nacidos en Oxi-Hood, CPAP nasal y Ventilación Mecánica (VM), siendo la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2), el único parámetro que no fue estadísticamente significativo. Se propone a los enfermeros desarrollar intervenciones no farmacológicas para reducir posibles alteraciones de los parámetros fisiológicos de los recién nacidos provenientes de este procedimiento.<br>Objetivou-se investigar quais são os parâmetros fisiológicos que se alteram na execução da aspiração do tubo orotraqueal (TOT) e das vias aéreas superiores (VAS), comparando-os imediatamente antes, imediatamente depois e cinco minutos após a realização do referido procedimento. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, do tipo antes e depois, realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (Utin) de uma instituição pública em Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. A amostra constou de 104 recém-nascidos em uso de oxigenoterapia, e que necessitaram de aspiração do tubo orotraqueal e das vias aéreas superiores. Os resultados mostraram alterações significativas (p<0,05) nas frequências respiratória (FR) e cardíaca (FC) dos recém-nascidos, em uso de tenda de oxigênio (Oxi-Hood) e pressão contínua das vias aéreas (CPAP nasal), e também de pulso (p<0,05) para os recém-nascidos em Oxi-Hood, CPAP nasal e ventilação mecânica (VM), sendo a saturação de oxigênio (SpO2) o único parâmetro que não foi estatisticamente significante. Propõe-se aos profissionais enfermeiros o desenvolvimento de intervenções não farmacológicas para reduzir possíveis alterações dos parâmetros fisiológicos dos recém-nascidos, decorrentes desse procedimento