The framing of green innovations—a comparative topic modeling study on the public frames of the electric vehicle in Germany and UK

In the innovation framing literature, scholars argue that green innovations are being challenged by legitimacy barriers associated with strong lock-in effects on the fossil-based economy. To break down barriers and create legitimacy, we stress the role of demarcation frames. Demarcation frames we argue are an important supplement to the established framing mechanisms that signal alignment and similarity with existing systems. Building on a machine-learning topic modeling approach, we investigate the development of the perception and meaning of the electric vehicle over a period of 27 years—i.e., its framing. By using public media data to undertake a systematic cross-country study in Germany and the UK, we show how and through which combinations of framing mechanisms the electric vehicle overcame the initial skepticism that was closely linked to the internal combustion vehicle. Hence, our research contributes to a better understanding of the framing processes around green innovations in the carbon-based economy. Firstly, we offer a novel analytical perspective focusing on the overarching public framing of green innovations. Secondly, we contribute to the literature by describing the theoretical implications and functionality of demarcation frames to overcome lock-ins. And thirdly, we discuss policy implications to support the dissemination of green innovations and propose future research avenues relevant for the green innovation and innovation framing field

Karrierewege und -orientierungen in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft im Vergleich - Ausdifferenzierung vs. Zuspitzung?

Viel ist in den letzten Jahren von der Veränderung der Arbeitswelt zu lesen, in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft gleichermaßen. In beiden Feldern haben Beschleunigung, Leistungsverdichtung, Projektifizierung, Mediatisierung und Internationalisierung ihre Spuren hinterlassen. Insbesondere in Bezug auf die Karrierewege und -orientierungen lassen sich jedoch gravierende Unterschiede feststellen. Während in großen Wirtschaftsunternehmen eine Differenzierung von Laufbahnmodellen und eine vergrößerte Durchlässigkeit zu beobachten sind, ist in den Hochschulen die Barriere zwischen berufenem und nicht-berufenem Personal in der Wissenschaft unverändert hoch. Dies hat auch einen Einfluss auf die Karriereorientierungen der Beschäftigten

Influence of a confined methanol solvent on the reactivity of active sites in UiO-66

UiO-66, composed of Zr-oxide bricks and terephthalate linkers, is currently one of the most studied metal-organic frameworks due to its exceptional stability. Defects can be introduced in the structure, creating undercoordinated Zr atoms which are Lewis acid sites. Here, additional BrOnsted sites can be generated by coordinated protic species from the solvent. In this Article, a multilevel modeling approach was applied to unravel the effect of a confined methanol solvent on the active sites in UiO-66. First, active sites were explored with static periodic density functional theory calculations to investigate adsorption of water and methanol. Solvent was then introduced in the pores with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, followed by a series of molecular dynamics simulations at operating conditions. A hydrogen-bonded network of methanol molecules is formed, allowing the protons to shuttle between solvent methanol, adsorbed water, and the inorganic brick. Upon deprotonation of an active site, the methanol solvent aids the transfer of protons and stabilizes charged configurations via hydrogen bonding, which could be crucial in stabilizing reactive intermediates. The multilevel modeling approach adopted here sheds light on the important role of a confined solvent on the active sites in the UiO-66 material, introducing dynamic acidity in the system at finite temperatures by which protons may be easily shuttled from various positions at the active sites

Thermionic Emission as a tool to study transport in undoped nFinFETs

Thermally activated sub-threshold transport has been investigated in undoped triple gate MOSFETs. The evolution of the barrier height and of the active cross-section area of the channel as a function of gate voltage has been determined. The results of our experiments and of the Tight Binding simulations we have developed are both in good agreement with previous analytical calculations, confirming the validity of thermionic approach to investigate transport in FETs. This method provides an important tool for the improvement of devices characteristics.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure, 1 tabl

Investigations on motion deviations of an EMFC balance

This paper will present experiments to identify the angular misalignment and displacement of the coil movement of a commercial electromagnetic force compensated balance (EMFC) relative to the ideal trajectory. For this purpose the mechanical stability of measurement set-up and the environmental characteristics have to be taken into account. Considering the mass distribution of the moved coil carrier, that is not necessarily symmetric relative to the motion path of the coil carrier, the spring constants regarding torques applied to the coil carrier are important to evaluate the utilized balance. The investigations are performed with different excitation frequencies to evaluate the influence of the resonance behavior of the balance mechanics and the limitations it causes for the usability of the balance. The measured deviations of the balance, planned to be used in the Planck-Balance set-up, depending on position and velocity of the coil will be shown and the effect of the observed deviations on the measurement uncertainty of the mass dissemination will be discussed

Patients with mutations of the Thyroid hormone beta-receptor show an ADHD-like phenotype for performance monitoring: an electrophysiological study.

Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is a syndrome of reduced responsiveness of peripheral tissue to thyroid hormone, caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB). Its cognitive phenotype has been reported to be similar to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study used electrophysiological biomarkers of performance monitoring in RTHβ to contribute further evidence on its phenotypical similarity to ADHD. Twenty-one participants with RTHβ aged 18-67 years and 21 matched healthy controls performed a modified flanker task during EEG recording. The RTHβ and control groups were compared on behavioural measures and components of event related potentials (ERPs), i.e. the error related negativity (ERN), the error positivity (Pe) and P3 component. There were no significant group differences with regard to behaviour. RTHβ subjects displayed significantly reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes compared to the controls in the response-locked ERPs. In addition, we observed reduced P3 amplitudes in both congruent and incongruent trials, as well as prolonged P3 latencies in RTHβ subjects in the stimulus-locked ERPs. Our findings reveal alterations in error detection and performance monitoring of RTHβ patients, likely indicating reduced error awareness. The electrophysiological phenotype of RTHß subjects with regard to action monitoring is indistinguishable from ADHD

Radio frequency reflectometry and charge sensing of a precision placed donor in silicon

We compare charge transitions on a deterministic single P donor in silicon using radio frequency reflectometry measurements with a tunnel coupled reservoir and DC charge sensing using a capacitively coupled single electron transistor (SET). By measuring the conductance through the SET and comparing this with the phase shift of the reflected RF excitation from the reservoir, we can discriminate between charge transfer within the SET channel and tunneling between the donor and reservoir. The RF measurement allows observation of donor electron transitions at every charge degeneracy point in contrast to the SET conductance signal where charge transitions are only observed at triple points. The tunnel coupled reservoir has the advantage of a large effective lever arm (~35%) allowing us to independently extract a neutral donor charging energy ~62 +/- 17meV. These results demonstrate that we can replace three terminal transistors by a single terminal dispersive reservoir, promising for high bandwidth scalable donor control and readout.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Copyright (2015) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physic

Charge-Insensitive Single-Atom Spin-Orbit Qubit in Silicon

High fidelity entanglement of an on-chip array of spin qubits poses many challenges. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can ease some of these challenges by enabling long-ranged entanglement via electric dipole-dipole interactions, microwave photons, or phonons. However, SOC exposes conventional spin qubits to decoherence from electrical noise. Here we propose an acceptor-based spin-orbit qubit in silicon offering long-range entanglement at a sweet spot where the qubit is protected from electrical noise. The qubit relies on quadrupolar SOC with the interface and gate potentials. As required for surface codes, $10^5$ electrically mediated single-qubit and $10^4$ dipole-dipole mediated two-qubit gates are possible in the predicted spin lifetime. Moreover, circuit quantum electrodynamics with single spins is feasible, including dispersive readout, cavity-mediated entanglement, and spin-photon entanglement. An industrially relevant silicon-based platform is employed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure