Causalidade e transmissão de preços entre os níveis de mercados na cadeia do feijão em São Paulo.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a causalidade e transmissão de preço entre os níveis de mercado da cadeia do feijão em São Paulo.CONAFE

Análise da logística de transporte na comercialização da produção de soja na região Centro-Oeste com foco no modal rodoviário.

A soja é uma das mais importantes commodities nacionais, sendo um grão rico em proteínas, cultivado como alimento tanto para humanos quanto para animais. No Brasil, a população não possui hábito de consumir o grão in natura, o maior consumo é do óleo de soja, o farelo é utilizado na formulação de ração para aves e suínos. A produção brasileira de soja possui uma característica de migração para as regiões de fronteira agrícola, as regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte estão afastadas dos polos consumidores e dos corredores de exportação, na maioria dos casos o modal rodoviário é utilizado, mas dispõe de rodovias em estado de conservação de uso muitas vezes inadequado, o que onera ainda mais os custos de transporte. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o processo logístico de transporte da soja em grão da região Centro-Oeste, com foco no estado de uso das principais rodovias utilizadas para o transporte de soja, fazendo uma análise dos pontos críticos que afetam o complexo

Laboratory Tests of Low Density Astrophysical Equations of State

Clustering in low density nuclear matter has been investigated using the NIMROD multi-detector at Texas A&M University. Thermal coalescence modes were employed to extract densities, $\rho$, and temperatures, $T$, for evolving systems formed in collisions of 47 $A$ MeV $^{40}$Ar + $^{112}$Sn,$^{124}$Sn and $^{64}$Zn + $^{112}$Sn, $^{124}$Sn. The yields of $d$, $t$, $^{3}$He, and $^{4}$He have been determined at $\rho$ = 0.002 to 0.032 nucleons/fm$^{3}$ and $T$= 5 to 10 MeV. The experimentally derived equilibrium constants for $\alpha$ particle production are compared with those predicted by a number of astrophysical equations of state. The data provide important new constraints on the model calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Minimal 3-3-1 model, lepton mixing and muonium-antimuonium conversion

The recent experimental results on neutrino oscillation and on muonium-antimuonium conversion require extension of the minimal 3-3-1 model. We review the constraints imposed to the model by those measurements and suggest a pattern of leptonic mixing, with charged leptons in a non-diagonal basis, which accounts for the neutrino physics and circumvents the tight muonium-antimuonium bounds on the model. We also illustrate a scenario where this pattern could be realized.Comment: 4 pages; abbreviated version, conclusions unchange

Experimental Determination of In-Medium Cluster Binding Energies and Mott Points in Nuclear Matter

In medium binding energies and Mott points for $d$, $t$, $^3$He and $\alpha$ clusters in low density nuclear matter have been determined at specific combinations of temperature and density in low density nuclear matter produced in collisions of 47$A$ MeV $^{40}$Ar and $^{64}$Zn projectiles with $^{112}$Sn and $^{124}$Sn target nuclei. The experimentally derived values of the in medium modified binding energies are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions based upon the implementation of Pauli blocking effects in a quantum statistical approach.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Characterization of natural occurrence of Oenocarpus distichus in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

In Maranhão States Amazon, bacaba stands out as an important resource to local populations. It is employed in human and animal feeding, building houses, traditional medicine and manufacturer goods. The economically viable part of this species is the processed pulp known as bacaba, sold in natura or frozen. Considering the great potential of sustainable economic exploitation of native fruit trees, such as the bacaba, occurrence areas of natural populations of O. distichus in three municipalities of the Gurupi micro region and two of the Chapada das Mangabeiras were mapped in order to subsidize future researches regarding conservation and use of the germplasm. Bacaba populations were mapped in cities of the two microregions: 1) Gurupi where soils, in general, are of low natural fertility with predominance of dystrophic plinthudults and red-yellow dystrophic and plinthic soils and; 2) Chapada das Mangabeiras, where yellow dystrophic hapludox soils are found; and in the escarpments the litholic dystrophic neosoils are common. In these micro regions, bacaba populations are reduced to individuals found in backyards

Origin of anomalously long interatomic distances in suspended gold chains

The discovery of long bonds in gold atom chains has represented a challenge for physical interpretation. In fact, interatomic distances frequently attain 3.0-3.6 A values and, distances as large as 5.0 A may be seldom observed. Here, we studied gold chains by transmission electron microscopy and performed theoretical calculations using cluster ab initio density functional formalism. We show that the insertion of two carbon atoms is required to account for the longest bonds, while distances above 3 A may be due to a mixture of clean and one C atom contaminated bonds.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Postscript figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter

Isobaric Yield Ratios and The Symmetry Energy In Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions

The relative isobaric yields of fragments produced in a series of heavy ion induced multifragmentation reactions have been analyzed in the framework of a Modified Fisher Model, primarily to determine the ratio of the symmetry energy coefficient to the temperature, $a_a/T$, as a function of fragment mass A. The extracted values increase from 5 to ~16 as A increases from 9 to 37. These values have been compared to the results of calculations using the Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics (AMD) model together with the statistical decay code Gemini. The calculated ratios are in good agreement with those extracted from the experiment. In contrast, the ratios determined from fitting the primary fragment distributions from the AMD model calculation are ~ 4 and show little variation with A. This observation indicates that the value of the symmetry energy coefficient derived from final fragment observables may be significantly different than the actual value at the time of fragment formation. The experimentally observed pairing effect is also studied within the same simulations. The Coulomb coefficient is also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

Sistemas de producción de musáceas en Brasil the musacea production systems in Brazil.

Brasil produce 7,3 millones de toneladas de musáceas, cosechadas en 503.354 hectáreas, con un rendimiento de 14.561 kg/ha/año. La producción brasileña es destinada, prioritariamente, al mercado interno, para abastecer una población de 190 millones de habitantes. Brasil presenta una grande diversidad de sistemas productivos de musáceas, debido a sus diferentes climas, etnias, culturas y hábitos de consumo. Los monocultivos san predominantes en todo el país. Estimase, en área sembrada, que 38,88% de los cultivos de musáceas de Brasil sean monocultivos de bajo impacto, 24,79% sean monocultivos intensivos sin riego, 12,98% sean monocultivos irrigados y 0,34% monocultivos orgánicos. En según plan están las asociaciones, donde la musácea es la especie económica principal (9,95%) o una especie secundaria (4,5%) y otros tipos de cultivo extensivo (3,43%). En tercer plan aparecen los cultivos agroforestales, donde 4,46% san cultivos tradicionales y 0,67% cultivos agroecológicos. En el trabajo se presenta datos y características de las siembras de musáceas en las distintas regiones de Brasil, las variedades cultivadas, y los problemas, retos y ventajas de cada región y sistema de cultivo

Experimental reconstruction of primary hot isotopes and characteristic properties of the fragmenting source in the heavy ion reactions near the Fermi energy

The characteristic properties of the hot nuclear matter existing at the time of fragment formation in the multifragmentation events produced in the reaction $^{64}$Zn + $^{112}$Sn at 40 MeV/nucleon are studied. A kinematical focusing method is employed to determine the multiplicities of evaporated light particles, associated with isotopically identified detected fragments. From these data the primary isotopic yield distributions are reconstructed using a Monte Carlo method. The reconstructed yield distributions are in good agreement with the primary isotope distributions obtained from AMD transport model simulations. Utilizing the reconstructed yields, power distribution, Landau free energy, characteristic properties of the emitting source are examined. The primary mass distributions exhibit a power law distribution with the critical exponent, $A^{-2.3}$, for $A \geq 15$ isotopes, but significantly deviates from that for the lighter isotopes. Landau free energy plots show no strong signature of the first order phase transition. Based on the Modified Fisher Model, the ratios of the Coulomb and symmetry energy coefficients relative to the temperature, $a_{c}/T$ and $a_{sym}/T$, are extracted as a function of A. The extracted $a_{sym}/T$ values are compared with results of the AMD simulations using Gogny interactions with different density dependencies of the symmetry energy term. The calculated $a_{sym}/T$ values show a close relation to the symmetry energy at the density at the time of the fragment formation. From this relation the density of the fragmenting source is determined to be $\rho /\rho_{0} = (0.63 \pm 0.03 )$. Using this density, the symmetry energy coefficient and the temperature of fragmenting source are determined in a self-consistent manner as $a_{sym} = (24.7 \pm 3.4) MeV$ and $T=(4.9 \pm 0.2)$ MeV