59 research outputs found
Physical exercise in rats with epilepsy is protective against seizures: evidence of animal studies
Consumo de peixe, contaminantes e morte sĂșbita em epilepsia: mais benefĂcios do que riscos
People with epilepsy have an increased risk of dying prematurely and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP is mainly a problem for patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. The ultimate goal of research in SUDEP is to develop new methods to prevent it and actions other than medical and surgical therapies that could be very useful. Nutritional aspects, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids deficiency, could have an interesting role in this scenario. Some animal and clinical studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids could be useful in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and hence SUDEP. It has been ascertained that the only foods that provide large amounts of omega-3 are seafood (fish and shellfish); however, some fish are contaminated with methylmercury, which may counteract the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Our update review summarises the knowledge of the role of fish consumption on epilepsy research.Pessoas com epilepsia tĂȘm um risco aumentado de morrer de forma prematura e a causa mais comum de morte relacionada Ă epilepsia encontra-se na categoria de morte sĂșbita inesperada em epilepsia (SUDEP). SUDEP Ă© um problema significativo para pacientes com epilepsia crĂŽnica nĂŁo controlada. O principal objetivo nas pesquisas em SUDEP Ă© o desenvolvimento de mĂ©todos capazes de levar Ă sua prevenção e açÔes outras que nĂŁo medicamentosas e cirĂșrgicas que podem ser Ășteis. Os aspectos nutricionais, como por exemplo, a deficiĂȘncia do ĂĄcido graxo ĂŽmega-3 pode ter um papel interessante neste cenĂĄrio. Alguns estudos animais e clĂnicos tĂȘm sugerido que os ĂĄcidos graxos ĂŽmega-3 podem ser Ășteis na prevenção e no tratamento da epilepsia e, consequentemente, na SUDEP. Os Ășnicos alimentos que contĂȘm grandes proporçÔes de ĂŽmega-3 sĂŁo os frutos do mar (peixes e mariscos). No entanto, alguns peixes podem estar contaminados com metilmercĂșrio, o que pode levar a um efeito contrĂĄrio ao benefĂcio trazido pelos ĂĄcidos graxos ĂŽmega-3. Aqui, resumimos o conhecimento do papel do consumo de peixe nas pesquisas em epilepsia.FAPESPCInAPCe-FAPESPCNP
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A low mortality, high morbidity Reduced Intensity Status Epilepticus (RISE) model of epilepsy and epileptogenesis in the rat
Animal models of acquired epilepsies aim to provide researchers with tools for use in understanding the processes underlying the acquisition, development and establishment of the disorder. Typically, following a systemic or local insult, vulnerable brain regions undergo a process leading to the development, over time, of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Many such models make use of a period of intense seizure activity or status epilepticus, and this may be associated with high mortality and/or global damage to large areas of the brain. These undesirable elements have driven improvements in the design of chronic epilepsy models, for example the lithium-pilocarpine epileptogenesis model. Here, we present an optimised model of chronic epilepsy that reduces mortality to 1% whilst retaining features of high epileptogenicity and development of spontaneous seizures. Using local field potential recordings from hippocampus in vitro as a probe, we show that the model does not result in significant loss of neuronal network function in area CA3 and, instead, subtle alterations in network dynamics appear during a process of epileptogenesis, which eventually leads to a chronic seizure state. The modelâs features of very low mortality and high morbidity in the absence of global neuronal damage offer the chance to explore the processes underlying epileptogenesis in detail, in a population of animals not defined by their resistance to seizures, whilst acknowledging and being driven by the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of animal use in scientific procedures) principles
Fish consumption, contaminants and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: many more benefits than risks
The Effects of Voluntary, Involuntary, and Forced Exercises on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Motor Function Recovery: A Rat Brain Ischemia Model
Author name used in this publication: Xiao-Xiang ZhengAuthor name used in this publication: Kai-Yu Tong2010-2011 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalpublished_fina
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms in uveitis
The eye, as currently viewed, is neither immunologically ignorant nor sequestered from the systemic environment. The eye utilises distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms to preserve tissue and cellular function in the face of immune-mediated insult; clinically, inflammation following such an insult is termed uveitis. The intra-ocular inflammation in uveitis may be clinically obvious as a result of infection (e.g. toxoplasma, herpes), but in the main infection, if any, remains covert. We now recognise that healthy tissues including the retina have regulatory mechanisms imparted by control of myeloid cells through receptors (e.g. CD200R) and soluble inhibitory factors (e.g. alpha-MSH), regulation of the blood retinal barrier, and active immune surveillance. Once homoeostasis has been disrupted and inflammation ensues, the mechanisms to regulate inflammation, including T cell apoptosis, generation of Treg cells, and myeloid cell suppression in situ, are less successful. Why inflammation becomes persistent remains unknown, but extrapolating from animal models, possibilities include differential trafficking of T cells from the retina, residency of CD8(+) T cells, and alterations of myeloid cell phenotype and function. Translating lessons learned from animal models to humans has been helped by system biology approaches and informatics, which suggest that diseased animals and people share similar changes in T cell phenotypes and monocyte function to date. Together the data infer a possible cryptic infectious drive in uveitis that unlocks and drives persistent autoimmune responses, or promotes further innate immune responses. Thus there may be many mechanisms in common with those observed in autoinflammatory disorders
Omega-3 intake in people with epilepsy under regular hemodialysis program: here to stay
Packages of Care for Epilepsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
In the second in a series of six articles on packages of care for mental health disorders in low- and middle-income countries, Caroline Mbuba and Charles Newton discuss treatment for epilepsy
Evaluation of physical educators' knowledge about epilepsy Avaliação do conhecimento de professores de educação fĂsica sobre epilepsia
People with epilepsy suffer from a considerable lack of physical activity. In addition, an important problem of epilepsy management is the lack of qualified professionals. In this study we present data from a survey which aimed to assess physical educators' general knowledge about epilepsy. One hundred and thirty four physical educators of both sexes answered a questionnaire. Sixty percent of the professionals believe that a seizure is an abnormal electrical discharge of the brain, 13% that epilepsy is a cerebral chronic disease that can not be cured or controlled, 84% that people having convulsions will not necessarily present epilepsy and 5% that people with epilepsy have difficulties of learning. Questions concerned previous professional experience with epilepsy showed that 61% have seen a seizure and 53% have access to some information about epilepsy. Thus, 28% of professionals have a friend or relative with epilepsy, 14% have a student with epilepsy, and 29% helped someone during seizures. Our findings reveal a lack of physical educators' appropriate knowledge about epilepsy. Improvement of this might contribute to the improvement of epilepsy care/management.<br>Pessoas com epilepsia apresentam baixa participação em atividades fĂsicas. Um importante problema nos cuidados da epilepsia Ă© a falta de profissionais qualificados. Neste estudo apresentamos dados de uma pesquisa para avaliar o conhecimento de professores de educação fĂsica sobre a epilepsia. Um questionĂĄrio foi respondido por 134 educadores fĂsicos de ambos os sexos. Sessenta por cento dos profissionais acreditam que a crise epilĂ©tica Ă© uma descarga elĂ©trica anormal do cĂ©rebro, 13% que a epilepsia Ă© uma doença crĂŽnica cerebral que nĂŁo pode ser curada ou controlada, 84% que pessoas que tĂȘm convulsĂ”es nĂŁo necessariamente apresentam epilepsia e 5% que pessoas com epilepsia tĂȘm dificuldade de aprendizado. Em relação Ă experiĂȘncia prĂ©via do profissional, 61% presenciaram uma crise epilĂ©tica e 53% tiveram acesso a alguma informação sobre epilepsia. AlĂ©m disso, 28% dos profissionais possuĂam amigo ou parente com epilepsia, 14% tinham um aluno com epilepsia e 29% jĂĄ tinham socorrido alguĂ©m durante uma crise. Nossos achados revelam uma falta de conhecimento apropriado dos profissionais da ĂĄrea de educação fĂsica sobre a epilepsia. A melhora desse conhecimento pode contribuir para um adequado tratamento e cuidado da pessoa com epilepsia
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