Pedunculate cirripedes of the genus Pollicipes: 25 years after Margaret Barnes' review

Twenty-five years ago, Margaret Barnes reviewed the genus Pollicipes published in Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Our review complements and updates Barnes (1996). An endemic species of Pollicipes, P. caboverdensis, from Cape Verde Islands, has since been described, joining the three previously known extant species (P. polymerus, northeastern Pacific Ocean, P. elegans, tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and P. pollicipes, north-eastern Atlantic Ocean). Most research has been on Pollicipes polymerus and P. pollicipes. We provide a georeferenced map of the worldwide distribution of Pollicipes. All Pollicipes species are harvested throughout their geographic distributions with varying intensity and levels of management. Phylogeography and population genetics are new areas developed since Barnes (1996). We update systematics and morphological studies (adult descriptions, cirral form and function, and adhesion). Various aspects of the life history of Pollicipes (reproduction, larval phase, settlement, recruitment and growth), the biological assemblages associated with Pollicipes and post-settlement population processes are reviewed. Pollution and geochemical studies are outlined before a detailed appraisal of Atlantic and Pacific fisheries. Considerable progress has been made in emerging areas, particularly phylogeography, adhesion and cement, fisheries management and aquaculture. Research gaps are highlighted, despite the much progress in the last quarter-century

The sponge microbiome within the greater coral reef microbial metacommunity

Much recent marine microbial research has focused on sponges, but very little is known about how the sponge microbiome fits in the greater coral reef microbial metacommunity. Here, we present an extensive survey of the prokaryote communities of a wide range of biotopes from Indo-Pacific coral reef environments. We find a large variation in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, with algae, chitons, stony corals and sea cucumbers housing the most diverse prokaryote communities. These biotopes share a higher percentage and number of OTUs with sediment and are particularly enriched in members of the phylum Planctomycetes. Despite having lower OTU richness, sponges share the greatest percentage (>90%) of OTUs with >100 sequences with the environment (sediment and/or seawater) although there is considerable variation among sponge species. Our results, furthermore, highlight that prokaryote microorganisms are shared among multiple coral reef biotopes, and that, although compositionally distinct, the sponge prokaryote community does not appear to be as sponge-specific as previously thought.publishe