Basic Science Considerations in Primary Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty

Total Hip Replacement is one of the most common operations performed in the developed world today. An increasingly ageing population means that the numbers of people undergoing this operation is set to rise. There are a numerous number of prosthesis on the market and it is often difficult to choose between them. It is therefore necessary to have a good understanding of the basic scientific principles in Total Hip Replacement and the evidence base underpinning them. This paper reviews the relevant anatomical and biomechanical principles in THA. It goes on to elaborate on the structural properties of materials used in modern implants and looks at the evidence base for different types of fixation including cemented and uncemented components. Modern bearing surfaces are discussed in addition to the scientific basis of various surface engineering modifications in THA prostheses. The basic science considerations in component alignment and abductor tension are also discussed. A brief discussion on modular and custom designs of THR is also included. This article reviews basic science concepts and the rationale underpinning the use of the femoral and acetabular component in total hip replacement

A comparison of protocols for isolating and concentrating protein from the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi

We compared protocols to isolate and concentrate protein from the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi. We quantified the effect of three factors on protein and essential amino acid yields and concentrations in protein isolates and residuals in a factorial experimental design. The three factors were starting material (as dry and milled or fresh and pulped), aqueous solvent-to-biomass ratio (20:1 or 5:1 v/w) and the incubation time in the aqueous solvent (incubated for 16 h at 30 °C or incubated for <1 min at ambient temperature). The protein isolation protocols increased the concentration of protein, total essential amino acids, methionine and lysine ~3 to 5-fold compared to whole U. ohnoi and were considerably more effective than the different protein concentrating combinations, which only increased protein and amino acid concentrations by 30–40 % in the residual biomass. The use of fresh and pulped biomass as the starting material, an incubation time of <1 min at ambient temperature and a low aqueous solution volume resulted in the highest protein isolate yield of 22 % of the protein found in seaweed. This study demonstrated that proteins from U. ohnoi were most effectively isolated by adopting protocols for terrestrial leaves compared to the protocols employed for seed crops as traditionally applied to seaweeds. © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrech