Applications of Skylab EREP photographs to mapping landforms and environmental geomorphology in the Great Plains and Midwest

The following evaluations of Skylab photographs were undertaken: (1) the 1290 Skylab S190A and S190B photographs of Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota were evaluated in detail in terms of coverage, cloud cover, photographic quality, endlap, detectability of roads and stereorelief, and utility for geomorphologic mapping, and (2) the utility of the Skylab photos were tested for interpretive analytic mapping of geomorphologic features over large areas representative of different parts of this region. Photointerpretative maps of analytic geomorphology were obtained for various test areas representative of the varied landscapes in the region. These maps are useful for regional land-use planning, ground-water exploration, and other environmental geomorphologic-geologic applications. Compared with LANDSAT-1 MSS images, Skylab photos afford almost as extensive overviews of large areas but in considerably greater detail, and for many SL photos, moderate stereorelief. However, repetitive multiseasonal, cloud-free coverage by high-quality photos is very limited and many areas have no coverage at all

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RHD3 MOBILITY IN THE CORITCAL AND NONCORTICAL ER: ASSESSING POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS OF RHD3 WITH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

RHD3, an integral membrane protein with active GTPase activity found in plants, has been recently highlighted as an ER remodeling protein. While the function of this protein is unknown, it is proposed that RHD3 acts in the movement of ER tubules to and from the cell cortex via interactions with the cell membrane. Preliminary research has indicated that the GTP-GDP isoform of RHD3 present may act to regulate an interaction with the cell membrane as is observed for small lipid linked G proteins. Another family of proteins known to interact with RHD3 is the reticulons, proteins thought to affect ER tubule stability. By functioning as an anchor for the ER and by interacting with other ER remodeling proteins such as reticulons, RHD3 may change the mobility of other ER remodeling proteins and thus alter ER structural stability. This paper provides an analysis of RHD3 interaction with the cell membrane

Flexibility

The goal of this research was to see if there was any correlation between the time of day and a person\u27s flexibility. The students hypothesized that a person would be more flexible toward the end of the day than at the beginning of the day. Subjects had to do a sit and reach test and one part of the Berg Balance test, the reaching forward with outstretched arms test. The subjects performed these tests three times a day on four different occasions. The measurements show a general increase in flexibility throughout the day with the highest flexibility being in the evening hours. This knowledge could help people decide to schedule more intense workouts during a time of day when injury is less likely

Ensemble Concerts, December 14, 1970

Capen AuditoriumDecember 14, 19708:15 p.m

Overexpression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection

Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen infecting an estimated one in three people worldwide. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is induced during infection and is critical for restricting T. gondii growth in human cells. Growth restriction is presumed to be due to the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that are upregulated to protect the host from infection. Although there are hundreds of ISGs induced by IFNγ, their individual roles in restricting parasite growth in human cells remain somewhat elusive. To address this deficiency, we screened a library of 414 IFNγ induced ISGs to identify factors that impact T. gondii infection in human cells. In addition to IRF1, which likely acts through the induction of numerous downstream genes, we identified RARRES3 as a single factor that restricts T. gondii infection by inducing premature egress of the parasite in multiple human cell lines. Overall, while we successfully identified a novel IFNγ induced factor restricting T. gondii infection, the limited number of ISGs capable of restricting T. gondii infection when individually expressed suggests that IFNγ-mediated immunity to T. gondii infection is a complex, multifactorial process

Susceptibility of Toxoplasma gondii to autophagy in human cells relies on multiple interacting parasite loci

Autophagy is a process used by cells to recycle organelles and macromolecules and to eliminate intracellular pathogens. Previous studies have shown that some stains o

Islet β-Cells Deficient in Bcl-xL Develop but Are Abnormally Sensitive to Apoptotic Stimuli

OBJECTIVE: Bcl-xL is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and a potent regulator of cell death. We investigated the importance of Bcl-xL for beta-cells by deleting the Bcl-x gene specifically in beta-cells and analyzing their survival in vivo and in culture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Islets with beta-cells lacking the Bcl-x gene were assessed in vivo by histology and by treatment of mice with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). Islets were isolated by collagenase digestion and treated in culture with the apoptosis inducers staurosporine, thapsigargin, gamma-irradiation, proinflammatory cytokines, or Fas ligand. Cell death was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of subgenomic DNA. RESULTS: Bcl-xL-deficient beta-cells developed but were abnormally sensitive to apoptosis induced in vivo by low-dose STZ. Although a small proportion of beta-cells still expressed Bcl-xL, these did not have a survival advantage over their Bcl-xL-deficient neighbors. Islets appeared normal after collagenase isolation and whole-islet culture. They were, however, abnormally sensitive in culture to a number of different apoptotic stimuli including cytotoxic drugs, proinflammatory cytokines, and Fas ligand. CONCLUSIONS: Bcl-xL expression in beta-cells is dispensible during islet development in the mouse. Bcl-xL is, however, an important regulator of beta-cell death under conditions of synchronous stress. Bcl-xL expression at physiological levels may partially protect beta-cells from apoptotic stimuli, including apoptosis because of mediators implicated in type 1 diabetes and death or degeneration of transplanted islets

Phenethyl isothiocyanate exhibits antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo by inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK pathways

Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) have been investigated in human leukemia cells (U937, Jurkat, and HL-60) as well as in primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in relation to apoptosis and cell signaling events. Exposure of cells to PEITC resulted in pronounced increase in the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, cleavage/degradation of PARP, and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. These events were accompanied by the caspase-independent downregulation of Mcl-1, inactivation of Akt, as well as activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002 significantly enhanced PEITC-induced apoptosis. Conversely, enforced activation of Akt by a constitutively active Akt construct markedly abrogated PEITC-mediated JNK activation, Mcl-1 downregulation, caspase activation, and apoptosis, and also interruption of the JNK pathway by pharmacological or genetically (e.g., siRNA) attenuated PEITC-induced apoptosis. Finally, administration of PEITC markedly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in U937 xenograft model in association with inactivation of Akt, activation of JNK, as well as downregulation of Mcl-1. Taken together, these findings represent a novel mechanism by which agents targeting Akt/JNK/Mcl-1 pathway potentiate PEITC lethality in transformed and primary human leukemia cells and inhibitory activity of tumor growth of U937 xenograft model