Efektivitas Metode Praktikum Terhadap Hasil Belajar Psikomotorik Fisika Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir

This research aims to determine the psychomotor abilities of student in learning physics based on practical method in SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir. The design used in this research is the design of One-Shot Case Study. While the sample of thisresearch is the class XA SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir by the number of students is 27 students.Determination of the sample was conducted using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study is in the form of a guide sheet practicum and performance assessment. Data analysis performed in this study is effectiveness ratio to determine how big the percentage of target achieved on the targets set in thepractical implementation. The results of the analysis showed that the average classical completeness is equivalent to 85% with complete categories and the average ratio of effectiveness in classical amounted to 93.1% with the effective category. Thismeans that the use of practical method is effective in the psychomotor abilities of student in learning physics at SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir

SANKSI BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERJUDIAN DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM

Tindak Pidana Perjudian merupakan suatu perbuatan yang Dilarang oleh Hukum Islam maupun hukum Pidana Positif namun sering dijumpai di lingkungan sekitar kita. Dalam penelitian ini identikasi masalah yang penulis teliti adalah Bagaimanakah perbandingan pengaturan tindak pidana perjudian dalam hukum Islam dan KUHPidana Bagaimanakah penerapan sanksi terhadap tindak pidana perjudian dalam Hukum Islam dan KUHPidana? Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah yuridis normatif peneliatian yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder. Spesifikasi penulisan yang digunakan yaitu deskriptip analitis. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data dalam Penulisan ini dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait, Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik yuridis normatif. Pengaturan tindak pidana perjudian ditinjau dari syari’at Islam dilihat sebagai kegiatan dan/atau perbuatan yang bersifat taruhan antara dua pihak atau lebih dimana pihak yang menang mendapatkan bayaran. Sementara pengaturan tindak pidana perjudian ditinjau dari hukum pidana positif Indonesia terdapat dalam Pasal 303 ayat (3) KUHP sebagaimana dirubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1974 tentang Penertiban, Penjatuhan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perjudian ditinjau dari syari’at Islam diterapkan dengan uqubat (hukuman) terhadap pelakunya yang berupa ‘uqubat cambuk di depan umum paling banyak 12 (dua belas) kali dan paling sedikit 6 (enam) kali dan uqubat denda paling banyak Rp. 35.000.000,- (tiga puluh lima juta rupiah), paling sedikit Rp15.000.000,- (lima belas juta rupiah) sebagai penerimaan Daerah dan disetor langsung ke Kas Baital Mal. Kata Kunci; Perjudian, pidana dan hukum Isla

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach.

Esophageal neuroendocrine neoplasms (E-NENs) are much rarer than other gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, the majority showing aggressive behavior with early dissemination and poor prognosis. Among E-NENs, exceptionally rare well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (E-NET) and more frequent esophageal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (E-NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine-non neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) can be recognized. E-NECs usually exhibit a small cell morphology or mixed small and large cells. Esophageal MiNEN are composed of NEC component admixed with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Gastric (G) NENs encompass a wide spectrum of entities ranging from indolent G-NETs to highly aggressive G-NECs and MiNENs. Among G-NETs, ECL-cell NETs are the most common and, although composed of histamine-producing cells, are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic proliferations showing different clinical and prognostic features depending on the patient's clinico-pathological background including the morphology of the peri-tumoral mucosa, gastrin serum levels, presence or absence of antral G-cell hyperplasia, and presence or absence of MEN1 syndrome. In general, NET associated with hypergastrinemia show a better outcome than NET not associated with hypergastrinemia. G-NECs and MiNENs are aggressive neoplasms more frequently observed in males and associated with a dismal prognosis

Ecological impacts of invading seaweeds: A meta-analysis of their effects at different trophic levels

Aim Biological invasions are among the main threats to biodiversity. To promote a mechanistic understanding of the ecological impacts of non-native seaweeds, we assessed how effects on resident organisms vary according to their trophic level. Location Global. Methods We performed meta-analytical comparisons of the effects of non-native seaweeds on both individual species and communities. We compared the results of analyses performed on the whole dataset with those obtained from experimental data only and, when possible, between rocky and soft bottoms. Results Meta-analyses of data from 100 papers revealed consistent negative effects of non-native seaweeds across variables describing resident primary producer communities. In contrast, negative effects of seaweeds on consumers emerged only on their biomass and, limited to rocky bottoms, diversity. At the species level, negative effects were consistent across primary producers' response variables, while only the survival of consumers other than herbivores or predators (e.g. deposit/suspension feeders or detritivores) decreased due to invasion. Excluding mensurative data, negative effects of seaweeds persisted only on resident macroalgal communities and consumer species survival, while switched to positive on the diversity of rocky-bottom consumers. However, negative effects emerged for biomass and, in rocky habitats, density of consumers other than herbivores or predators. Main conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that seaweeds' effects on resident biodiversity are generally more negative within the same trophic level than on higher trophic guilds. Finer trophic grouping of resident organisms revealed more complex impacts than previously detected. High heterogeneity in the responses of some consumer guilds suggests that impacts of non-native seaweeds at higher trophic levels may be more invader- and species-specific than competitive effects at the same trophic level. Features of invaded habitats may further increase variability in seaweeds' impacts. More experimental data on consumers' response to invasion are needed to disentangle the effects of non-native seaweeds from those of other environmental stressors

ACTH-producing tumorlets and carcinoids of the lung: clinico-pathologic study of 63 cases and review of the literature.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting lung carcinoids represent the principal cause of ectopic Cushing syndrome, but the prevalence of ACTH expression and the association between ACTH production and Cushing syndrome in lung carcinoids have scarcely been investigated. In addition, available information on the prognostic meaning of ACTH production is controversial. The aims of this multicentric retrospective study, also including a review of the literature, were to describe the clinico-pathologic features of ACTH-producing lung carcinoids, to assess recurrence and specific survival rates, and to evaluate potential prognostic factors. To identify ACTH production in 254 unselected and radically resected lung carcinoids, we used a double approach including RT-PCR (mRNA encoding for pro-opiomelanocortin) and immunohistochemistry (antibodies against ACTH and β-endorphin). Sixty-three (24.8%) tumors produced ACTH and 11 of them (17.4%), representing 4.3% of the whole series, were associated with Cushing syndrome. The median follow-up time was 71 months. The 10-year overall and specific survival rates were 88.5% and 98.2%, respectively, with difference neither between functioning and nonfunctioning tumors nor between ACTH-positive and ACTH-negative carcinoids. At univariate analysis, histological type (typical or atypical) and Ki67 index significantly correlated with tumor recurrence. The literature review identified 172 previously reported patients with functioning ACTH-secreting lung carcinoids, and the meta-analysis of survival showed that 92% of them were alive after a mean follow-up time of 50 months. Our results demonstrate that ACTH-producing lung carcinoids are not rare, are not always associated with Cushing syndrome, and do not represent an aggressive variant of lung carcinoid

α-Fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin-β as prognostic markers in neuroendocrine tumour patients

Serum chromogranin A is the most useful general and prognostic tumour marker available for neuroendocrine tumour (NET) patients. The role of other tumour markers is less clear. In order to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin-β (hCGβ) in NETs, a database containing biochemical, histological, and survival data on 360 NET patients was constructed. This data was statistically assessed, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, to determine the utility of commonly measured tumour markers with particular emphasis on AFP and hCGβ. α-Fetoprotein and hCGβ were raised in 9.5 and 12.3% of patients respectively and jointly raised in 9.1% of patients in whom it was measured. α-Fetoprotein levels associated strongly and positively with tumour grade, serum CgA and hCGβ levels, and worse survival. Human chorionic gonadotrophin-β levels also associated strongly and positively with serum CgA and AFP levels, and worsening survival. α-Fetoprotein and hCGβ are elevated in high-grade NETs, with a rapidly progressive course and poorer survival. They also correlate with chromogranin-A, which is known to be a marker of tumour burden and to have prognostic value. Thus AFP and hCGβ are clinically important in NETs and when elevated are poor prognostic markers