The Eighteen Editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification; A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloging and Arranging Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Book Review)

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A reconsideration of enumerative classification for current information needs

Classificação enumerativa considerada cm termos dos dois sistemas mais disponiveis: Decimal de Dewey e Biblioteca do Congresso. Estes são, pri-meiramente, abordados considerando-se as necessidades das bibliotecas não automatizadas. As pos-sibilidades de utilização de cópias de catalogação legível por máquina são consideradas. £ levantada a hipótese do computador possibilitar a revisão contínua das tabelas de ambos os sistemas de classificação, com mudanças radicais, quando necessário, mais rapidamente e com menos problemas do que no período pré-automático. Os aspectos da catalogação detalhada, indexação exaustiva e alguns tipos de indexação automática não devem ser encarados sob o ponto de vista da adoção de urn ou outro sistema, mas sim da utilização de ambos, ao mesmo tempo, através de classes descritivas, indices de classes combinados com cabeçalhos de assunto. Indices em cadeia, rotados e permutados deveriam ser, ainda, acrescentados para facilitar ao usuário um número máximo de pontos de acesso a informação. Ênfase à total e potencial exploração (recuperação) do conteúdo do livro e de outros materiais catalogados. Abstract  Enumerative classification is considered in terms of two of the most readily available systems: the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Library of Congress system. These are discussed first in terms of needs in libraries without automation. Then possibilities using machine-readable cataloging copy are considered in more detail. It is suggested that the computer makes it possible to revise the schedules of both classification systems continuously, radically where necessary, and faster with less confusion than in the past. It is also suggested that for augmented cataloging, exhaustive indexing and some types of automatic indexing the use of both should no longer be an "either-or" situation, but a matter of employing both at once, using class descriptions and class indexes combined with subject headings. To the whole should be added chain, rotated and permuted indexing to give the maximum number of entry points for the user. Emphasis is on exploiting the full potentialities of the content of book and other cataloged materials

Diagnostics for COVID-19: A case for field-deployable, rapid molecular tests for community surveillance

Across the globe, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is causing distress with governments doing everything in their power to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) to prevent morbidity and mortality. Actions are being implemented to keep health care systems from being overstretched and to curb the outbreak. Any policy responses aimed at slowing down the spread of the virus and mitigating its immediate effects on health care systems require a firm basis of information about the absolute number of currently infected people, growth rates, and locations/hotspots of infections. The only way to obtain this base of information is by conducting numerous tests in a targeted way. Currently, in Ghana, there is a centralized testing approach, that takes 4-5 days for samples to be shipped and tested at central reference laboratories with results communicated to the district, regional and nationalstakeholders. This delay in diagnosis increases the risk of ongoing transmission in communities and vulnerable institutions. We have validated, evaluated and deployed an innovative diagnostic tool on a mobile laboratory platform to accelerate the COVID-19 testing. A preliminary result of 74 samples from COVID-19 suspected cases has a positivity rate of 12% with a turn-around time of fewer than 3 hours from sample taking to reporting of results, significantly reducing the waiting time from days to hours, enabling expedient response by the health system for contact tracing to reduce transmission and additionally improving case management

The health of women and girls determines the health and well-being of our modern world: A White Paper From the International Council on Women's Health Issues

The International Council on Women's Health Issues (ICOWHI) is an international nonprofit association dedicated to the goal of promoting health, health care, and well-being of women and girls throughout the world through participation, empowerment, advocacy, education, and research. We are a multidisciplinary network of women's health providers, planners, and advocates from all over the globe. We constitute an international professional and lay network of those committed to improving women and girl's health and quality of life. This document provides a description of our organization mission, vision, and commitment to improving the health and well-being of women and girls globally

Restricted activity and persistent pain following motor vehicle collision among older adults: a multicenter prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Restricted physical activity commonly occurs following acute musculoskeletal pain in older adults and may influence long-term outcomes. We sought to examine the relationship between restricted physical activity after motor vehicle collision (MVC) and the development of persistent pain. Methods We examined data from a prospective study of adults ≥65 years of age presenting to the emergency department (ED) after MVC without life-threatening injuries. Restricted physical activity 6 weeks after MVC was defined in three different ways: 1) by a ≥25 point decrease in Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (PASE) score, 2) by the answer “yes” to the question, “during the past two weeks, have you stayed in bed for at least half a day?”, and 3) by the answer “yes” to the question, “during the past two weeks, have you cut down on your usual activities as compared to before the accident?” We examined relationships between each definition of restricted activity and pain severity, pain interference, and functional capacity at 6 months with adjustment for confounders. Results Within the study sample (N = 164), adjusted average pain severity scores at 6 months did not differ between patients with and without restricted physical activity based on decreased PASE score (2.54 vs. 2.07, p = 0.32). In contrast, clinically and statistically important differences in adjusted average pain severity at 6 months were observed for patients who reported spending half a day in bed vs. those who did not (3.56 vs. 1.91, p < 0.01). In adjusted analyses, both decreased PASE score and cutting down on activity were associated with functional capacity at 6 months, but only decreased PASE score was associated with increased ADL difficulty at 6 months (0.70 vs. -0.01, p = 0.02). Conclusions Among older adults experiencing MVC, those reporting bed rest or reduced activity 6 weeks after the collision reported higher pain and pain interference scores at 6 months. More research is needed to determine if interventions to promote activity can improve outcomes after MVC in older adults

Physiological Correlates of Volunteering

We review research on physiological correlates of volunteering, a neglected but promising research field. Some of these correlates seem to be causal factors influencing volunteering. Volunteers tend to have better physical health, both self-reported and expert-assessed, better mental health, and perform better on cognitive tasks. Research thus far has rarely examined neurological, neurochemical, hormonal, and genetic correlates of volunteering to any significant extent, especially controlling for other factors as potential confounds. Evolutionary theory and behavioral genetic research suggest the importance of such physiological factors in humans. Basically, many aspects of social relationships and social activities have effects on health (e.g., Newman and Roberts 2013; Uchino 2004), as the widely used biopsychosocial (BPS) model suggests (Institute of Medicine 2001). Studies of formal volunteering (FV), charitable giving, and altruistic behavior suggest that physiological characteristics are related to volunteering, including specific genes (such as oxytocin receptor [OXTR] genes, Arginine vasopressin receptor [AVPR] genes, dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4] genes, and 5-HTTLPR). We recommend that future research on physiological factors be extended to non-Western populations, focusing specifically on volunteering, and differentiating between different forms and types of volunteering and civic participation

A Biobibliography, 1934-1973 (Book Review)

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The Role of Classification in the Modern American Library: Papers Presented at an Institute Conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, November 1-4, 1959 (Book Review)

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The Future of Generalized Systems of Classification

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