Far infrared all-sky survey

An all-sky survey at submillimeter waves is examined. Far-infrared all-sky surveys were performed using high-thoroughput bolometric detectors from a one-meter balloon telescope. Based on the large-bodied experience obtained with the original all-sky survey telescope, a number of radically different approaches were implemented. Continued balloon measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background were performed

γ-Ray and Parsec-scale Jet Properties of a Complete Sample of Blazars From the Mojave Program

We investigate the Fermi Large Area Telescope γ-ray and 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array radio properties of a joint γ-ray and radio-selected sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) obtained during the first 11 months of the Fermi mission (2008 August 4-2009 July 5). Our sample contains the brightest 173 AGNs in these bands above declination –30° during this period, and thus probes the full range of γ-ray loudness (γ-ray to radio band luminosity ratio) in the bright blazar population. The latter quantity spans at least 4 orders of magnitude, reflecting a wide range of spectral energy distribution (SED) parameters in the bright blazar population. The BL Lac objects, however, display a linear correlation of increasing γ-ray loudness with synchrotron SED peak frequency, suggesting a universal SED shape for objects of this class. The synchrotron self-Compton model is favored for the γ-ray emission in these BL Lac objects over external seed photon models, since the latter predict a dependence of Compton dominance on Doppler factor that would destroy any observed synchrotron SED-peak-γ-ray-loudness correlation. The high-synchrotron peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are distinguished by lower than average radio core brightness temperatures, and none display large radio modulation indices or high linear core polarization levels. No equivalent trends are seen for the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in our sample. Given the association of such properties with relativistic beaming, we suggest that the HSP BL Lac objects have generally lower Doppler factors than the lower-synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects or FSRQs in our sample

Method and apparatus for optical modulating a light signal Patent

Method and apparatus for optically modulating light or microwave bea

Optically induced free carrier light modulator

Signal carrier laser beam is optically modulated by a second laser beam of different frequency acting on a free carrier source to which the signal carrier laser is directed. The second laser beam affects the transmission characteristics of the free carrier source to light from the signal carrier laser, thus modulating it

A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Perceived Problematic Pornography Use Amongst Young People

Pornography use is prevalent amongst young people, with technology developments meaning that it is now available like it has never been available before. Research to date has indicated that for a minority of users that this may be problematic for them. However, there had been no research interviewing those who experience this difficulty. This thesis explores the experience of young people with self-perceived problematic pornography use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine 16–24-year-olds with self-perceived problematic pornography use. The data was analysed from a social constructionist paradigm following Braun and Clarke (2022) reflexive thematic analysis. There were seven themes constructed which are: 1. What is problematic use? Too much or too extreme?, 2. Using porn as a coping strategy, 3. The shame/guilt associated with pornography use, 4. The negative effect of problematic pornography use on relationships, 5. Things can get better, 6. People minimising the problem, and 7. A lacking in education. The experience of self-perceived problematic pornography use is not a stand-alone issue. It is important when working with people who present with this experience that counselling psychologists hold this in mind, understanding this is not just an individual problem but also a relational one, and that understanding what the client exactly means about the problem is key to supporting them. This thesis has a very broad scope, and the participants were not a homogenous group aside from age and self-perceived problematic pornography use and the research questions were very open. It could be useful for future research to either look into particular identity groups, or to broaden the research more to people of all ages. It could also be interesting to do quantitative research to investigate whether there is a relationship between pornography use and beliefs about sexual education

A two-stage magnetic refrigerator for astronomical applications with reservoir temperatures above 4 K

We propose a novel adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to produce temperatures as low as 100 mK starting from a high temperature reservoir between 4 and 8 K. The high temperature reservoir for the ADR can be provided by a mechanical cooler or an unpumped liquid helium bath. This refrigerator can be used to cool bolometric infrared detectors for low background astronomy from mountain tops, balloons or satellites as well as to cool cryogenic x-ray detectors. The two-stage ADR consists of a single magnet with a paramagnetic chromic-cesium-alum (CCA) salt pill to produce the low temperature and paramagnetic gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG) as the first stage to intercept heat from the high temperature reservoir. Thermal contact between the paramagnets and the reservoir during magnetization is made with a mechanical heat switch. The ADR is suspended with Kevlar chords under tension for high mechanical stiffness and low parasitic heat leak. In a single cycle, the ADR maintains a temperature of 100 mK for 10 to 100 hours. This time depends strongly on the magnetic field and reservoir temperature but not on the volume of the paramagnetic material as long as the heat leak is dominated by the suspension