Vegetation and climate changes in the forest of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, during the last 25,000 cal yr BP

A paleoenvironmental reconstruction was performed in a Riparian Forest near Campinas to improve knowledge of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A sediment core of 182 cm depth was collected in a swamp located within a Cerrado/Seasonal Semi-deciduous ecotone forest. Te chronological frame is given by eight radiocarbon dating methods. Pollen and stable isotope analyses (d 13C and d 15N) were performed all along the core. Modern pollen rain is based on fve surface samples collected along the Riparian Forest. Results show a sequence of changes in vegetation and climate between 25 and 13 cal kyr before present (BP), and from 4 cal kyr BP to the present time, with a hiatus between 11 and 4 kyr cal BP. Drier climatic conditions characterized the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, although they had moisture peaks able to maintain an open forest. Te Riparian Forest became fully installed from 4 cal kyr BP onward. Our results are in agreement with other regional studies and contribute to build a regional frame for past climatic conditions at the latitude of São Paulo.493CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informaçãoSem informação2010/16507-

Megaspores from coals of the Triunfo Member, Rio Bonito Formation (Lower Permian), northeastern Parana State, Brazil

This paper presents the results of a detailed study of megaspores occurring in coal seams of the Triunfo Member, Rio Bonito Formation at Figueira, Parana State, Brazil. This coal-bearing sequence accumulated in a marine delta system during the Early Permian. Four species are described and illustrated: Lagenoisporites triunfensis, L. scutiformis, Sublagenicula cf. brasiliensis, and Setosisporites cf. furcatus. Of these, the two species of Lagenoisporites are predominant. Relationships to other megaspore species are discussed; and the temporal and spatial distributions of the four species in the Parana Basin are documented.74349150

Dynamic Carboniferous tropical forests: new views of plant function and potential for physiological forcing of climate

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138385/1/nph14700_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138385/2/nph14700.pd

Interdisciplinary paleovegetation study in the Fernando de Noronha Island (Pernambuco State), northeastern Brazil

The aim of this research was to reconstruct vegetation changes (with climate inferences) that occurred during the Holocene in the Fernando de Noronha Island, Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. The research approach included the use of geochemical (mineralogy, elemental), carbon isotopes (δ13C, 14C) and pollen analyses in soil organic matter (SOM) and sediments collected in Lagoa da Viração and Manguezal do Sueste. The carbon isotopes data of SOM indicated that there was no significant vegetation changes during the last 7400 BP, suggesting that the climate was not the determinant factor for the vegetation dynamics. The pollen analysis of the sediment of a core collected in the Lagoa da Viração showed the absence of Quaternary material in the period between 720 BP and 90 BP. The mineralogical analysis of deeper layer showed the presence of diopside indicating this material was developed "in situ". Only in the shallow part of the core were found pollen of similar plant species of the modern vegetation. The geochemistry and isotope results, in association with the sediment type and pollen analyses of sediment samples of Manguezal do Sueste, indicated variations in the vegetation and in its location since the middle Holocene. Such variations can be associated with climatic events and sea level oscillations and also with anthropogenic events considering the last five hundred years._________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de reconstruir trocas de vegetação (com referências climáticas) que ocorreram durante o Holoceno na ilha de Fernando de Noronha, Estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa utilizou-se de análises geoquímicas (minerais, elementar), isótopos do carbono (δ13C, 14C) e análises polínicas em solos e sedimentos coletados na Lagoa da Viração e no manguezal do Sueste. Os isótopos do carbono dos solos indicaram que não houve trocas significativas de vegetação durante os últimos 7400 anos AP, sugerindo que o clima não foi um fator determinante para a dinâmica da vegetação. A análise polínica dos sedimentos da Lagoa da Viração mostrou ausência de elementos quaternários no período entre 720 AP e 90 AP. A análise mineralógica das camadas mais profundas mostrou a presença de diopsídeo, indicando que este material foi desenvolvido"in situ". Somente na parte superficial do testemunho foram encontrados palinomorfos de plantas similares à vegetação moderna. Os resultados geoquímicos e isotópicos, em associação com o tipo de sedimento e as análises polínicas das amostras de sedimento do Manguezal do Sueste, indicaram variações na vegetação e na sua localização desde o Holoceno médio. Tais variações podem estar associadas a eventos climáticos e oscilações do nível do mar e também a eventos antrópicos considerando os últimos quinhentos anos

Venezuelan Paleoflora Of The Pennsylvanian-early Permian: Paleobiogeographical Relationships To Central And Western Equatorial Pangea

The flora of northwestern Venezuela shows close links with the Pennsylvanian flora of the Northern Hemisphere and Northern Africa; in the Early Permian, it also closely matches the flora reported in the Southwestern and Central United States. The Permian fossils from Venezuela have various species and genera in common with that of this part of the USA, not only flora, but also warm-water marine fauna. The floristic data studied here provide evidence of a close relationship of the plants of the central portion of Pangea with those of Gondwanaland. Based on these similarities in the flora, it is suggested that during the Pennsylvanian-Early Permian, the northeastern part of Gondwanaland, which was one of the regions most affected by the formation of Pangea, had a progressively drier climate, with the vegetation characteristic of such conditions. Moreover, the relationship between the vegetation of this equatorial area and that of the Cathaysian Province during the Early Permian is discussed. Both showed the presence of gigantopterid genera, although there were climatic differences; furthermore, the differences in the species of the group suggest that the two regions may have had quite different vegetation, rather than the shared one traditionally proposed. © 2008 International Association for Gondwana Research.143297305Alonso, J.L., Gallastegui, J., Garcia-Sansegundo, J., Farias, P., Rodriguez Fernandez, L.R., Ramos, V.A., Extensional tectonics and gravitational collapse in an Ordovician passive margin: the Western Argentine Precordillera (2008) Gondwana Research, 13, pp. 204-215Anderson, J.M., Anderson, H.M., Archangelsky, S., Bamford, M., Chandra, S., Dettmann, M., Hill, R., Rösler, O., Patterns of Gondwana plant colonization and diversification (1999) Journal of African Earth Sciences, 28, pp. 145-167Benedetto, G.A., Odreman, O., Bioestratigrafía de las unidades permocarbonícas aflorantes en el área de Carache-Agua de Obispo, Estado Trujillo, Venezuela (1977) Mem. 5th Cong. Geol. Venezolano, 1, pp. 253-288. , SGV, CaracasBhattacharya, B., Bhattacharya, H.N., Implications of trace fossil assemblages from Late Paleozoic Glaciomarine Talchir Formation, Raniganj Basin, India (2007) Gondwana Research, 12, pp. 509-524Cecil, C.B., Dulong, F.T., West, R.R., Stam, R., Wardlaw, B.A., Edgar, N.T., Climate controls on the stratigraphy of a Middle Pennsylvanian Cyclothem in North America (2003) SEPM Special Publication, 77, pp. 151-182. , Climate controls on Stratigraphy. Cecil C.B., and Edgar N.T. (Eds)Césari, S.N., Palynological biozones and radiometric data at el Carboniferous-Permian boundary in western Gondwana (2007) Gondwana Research, 11, pp. 529-536Chaloner, W.G., Lacey, W.S., The distribution of Late Paleozoic flora (1973) Palaeontological Association, Special Papers in Paleontology, 12. , Organisms and the continents through time. Hughes N.F. (Ed) pp. 271-210Chaloner, W.G., Meyen, S.V., Carboniferous and Permian floras of the Northern Continents (1973) Atlas of Palaeobiography, pp. 169-186. , Hallam A. (Ed), Elsevier, AmsterdamChaloner, W.G., Creber, G.T., Fossil plants as indicators of Late Palaeozoic plate positions (1988) Geological Society, Special Publication, 37, pp. 201-210. , Gondwana and Tethys. Audley-Charles M.G., and Hallam A. (Eds)Crowley, T.J., North, G.R., (1991) Paleoclimatology, , Oxford University Press, New YorkDiMichele, W.A., Aronson, R.B., The Pennsylvanian-Permian vegetational transition: a terrestrial analogue to the Onshore-Offshore hypothesis (1992) Evolution, 46, pp. 807-824DiMichele, M., Hook, B., Paleozoic terrestrial ecosystems (1992) Terrrestrial Ecosystems thought Time: Evolutionary Paleoecology of Terrestrial Plants and Animals, pp. 324-416. , Behrensmeyer A.K., Damuth J.D., DiMichele W.A., Potts R., Sues H.D., and Wing S.L. (Eds), The University of Chicago Press, ChicagoDiMichele, W.A., Phillips, T.L., Peppers, R.A., The influence of climate and depositional environment on the distribution and evolution of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp (1985) Geological factors and the Evolution of plants, pp. 223-256. , Tiffney B. (Ed), Yale University Press, New HavenDiMichele, W.A., Pfefferkorn, H.W., Gastaldo, R.A., Response of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian plant communities to climate change (2001) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 29, pp. 461-487DiMichele, W.A., Hook, R.W., Mamay, S.H., Willard, D.A., Paleoecology of Carboniferous-Permian transitional vegetation in North-Central Texas (1991) American Journal of Botany, 78 SUPPL. 6, pp. 111-112. , Annual Meetings of the Botanical Society of America with Other Affiliated Societies and the Sociedad Botanica de Mexico. Program with Abstracts of Papers, Posters and Symposia, San Antonio, TexasDiMichele, W.A., Kerp, H., Krings, M., Chaney, D.S., The Permian Peltasperm radiation: evidence from the southwestern United State (2005) New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 30, pp. 67-79. , The nonmarine Permian. Lucas S.G., and Ziegler K.E. (Eds)DiMichele, W.A., Chaney, D.S., Dixon, W.H., Nelson, W.J., Hook, R.W., An Early Permian coastal flora from the central basin platform of Gaines Country, West Texas (2000) Palaios, 15, pp. 524-535DiMichele, W.A., Mamay, S.H., Chaney, D.S., Dixon, W.H., Hook, R.W., Nelson, W.J., An Early Permian flora with Late Permian and mesozoic affinities from north-central Texas (2001) Journal of Paleontology, 75, pp. 449-460Doubinger, J., Roy-Dias, C., La paléoflore du Stéphanien de l'Qued Zat (Haut-Atlas de Marrakech, versant nord, Marroc) (1985) Geobios, 18, pp. 575-594Englemann, R., Geology of Venezuelan Andes (1935) Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 19, pp. 769-792Gonzales de Juana, C., Introducción al estudio de la Geología de Venezuela, Capitulo I: Geología de los Andes venezolanos y la subcuenca del Lago de Maracaibo (1951) Boletín de Geología, 1, pp. 119-139Gonzalez de Juana, C., Iturralde de Arozena, J.M., Picard-Cadillat, X., (1980) Geología de Venezuela y de sus Cuencas petrolíferas, , Foninves, CaracasHalle, T.G., Palaeozoic plants from Central Shansi (1927) Palaeontologia Sinica, Series A, 2, pp. 1-316Hoover, P.R., Paleontology, Taphonomy and Paleoecology of the Palmarito Formation (Permian Venezuela) (1981) Bulletin of American Paleontology, 80, pp. 1-138Iannuzi, R., Rösler, O., Floristic migration in South America during the Carboniferous: phytogeographic and biostratigraphic implications (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 161, pp. 71-94Jongmans, W., Les flores du Carbonifere de l' Afrique Septentrionale (1953) Comptes Rendus, F. II, pp. 39-48. , 19th International Geologic Congress. AlgeriaKeher, L., Some observations on the stratigraphy in the states of Táchira and Mérida, S.W. Venezuela (1938) Boletín de Geología y Mineria, 2, pp. 44-55Kremp, G.O., The positions and climatic changes of Pangea and five southeast Asia plates during Permian and Triassic times (1977) Paleo Data Banks, 7, pp. 1-9Krings, M., Klavins, S.D., DiMichele, W.A., Kerp, H., Taylor, N., Epidermal anatomy of Glenopteris splendens Sellards nov. emend., an enigmatic seed plant from the Lower Permian of Kansas (U.S.A.) (2005) Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 136, pp. 159-180Kunding, E., The Precretaceous rocks of the Central Venezuelan Andes with some remarks about the tectonics (1938) Boletín de Geología y Mineria, 2, pp. 21-43Le Heron, D.P., Khoukhi, Y., Paris, F., Ghienne, J.-F., Black shale, grey shale, fossils and glaciers: anatomy of the upper Ordovician - Silurian succession in the Tazzeka Massif of eastern Morocco (2008) Gondwana Research, 14, pp. 483-496. , 10.1016/j.gr.2008.02.006Lejal-Nicol, A., Carboniferous Megafloras of North Africa (1985) I.G.M.E., Madrid, Tomo, II, pp. 386-391. , The Carboniferous of the World. Martinez-Diaz C. (Ed)Li, X., Yao, Z., Carboniferous and Permian floral provinces in the East Asia. In: Papers 9th Cong. Int. Carb. Strati. Geol. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (1979) Academia Sinica, pp. 1-11Li, X., Yao, Z., A review of recent research on the Cathaysia Flora in Asia (1982) American Journal of Botany, 69, pp. 479-486Li, X., Wu, X., The succession of the Late Palaeozoic and the Triassic plant assemblages of Eastern China (1989) Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 3, pp. 187-200Liddle, R.A., (1946) Geology of Venezuela and Trinidad, , Paleont. Res. Inst., New YorkMaruyama, S., Santosh, M., Models on snowball Earth and Cambrian explosion: a synopsis (2008) Gondwana Research, 14. , 10.1016/j.gr.2008.01.004Mamay, S.H., Lower Permian plants from the Arroyo Formation Baylor County, north-central Texas (1967) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers, 575 -C, pp. 120-126Mamay, S.H., Russelites, new genus, a problematical plant from the Lower Permian of Texas (1968) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 593 -I, pp. 1-16Mamay, S.H., New species of Gigantopteridaceae from the Lower Permian of Texas (1986) Phytologia, 61, pp. 311-315Mamay, S.H., Gigantonoclea in the Lower Permian of Texas (1988) Phytologia, 64, pp. 330-332Mamay, S.H., Evolsonia, a new genus of Gigantopteridaceae from the Lower Permian Vale Formation, North-Central Texas (1989) American Journal of Botany, 76, pp. 1299-1311Mamay, S.H., Breed, W.J., Early Permian plants from the Cutler Formation in Monument Valley, Utah (1970) U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 700 B, pp. 109-117Mamay, S.H., Miller, J.M., Rohr, D.M., Late Leonardian plants from West Texas: the youngest Paleozoic plant megafossils in North America (1984) Science, 223, pp. 279-281Mamay, S.H., Miller, J.M., Rohr, D.M., Stein, W.E., Delnortea, a new genus of Permian plants (1986) Phytologia, 60, pp. 345-346Mamay, S.H., Miller, J.M., Rohr, D.M., Stein, W.E., Foliar morphology and anatomy of the gigantopteroid plant Delnortea abbottiae, from the Lower Permian of West Texas (1988) American Journal of Botany, 75, pp. 1409-1433Meyen, S.V., (1987) Fundamentals of Paleobotany, , Chapman and Hall, LondonMontañez, I.P., Tabor, N.J., DiMichele, W.A., Frank, T.D., Fielding, C.R., Isbell, J.L., Birgenheier, L.P., Rygel, M.C., CO2-forced climate and vegetation instability during Late Paleozoic deglaciation (2007) Science, 315, pp. 87-91Naugolnykh, S.V., A new specie of Comsopteris Zalessky from the Upper Permian of Kama river basin (Perm region) (1998) Paleontological Journal, 33, pp. 686-697Nie, S., Paleoclimatic and Paleomagnetic constrains on the Paleozoic reconstructions of South China, North China and Tarim (1991) Tectonophysics, 196, pp. 276-308Odreman, O., Wagner, R., Presiciones sobre algunas floras Carboníferas y Pérmicas de los Andes Venezolanos (1979) Boletín de Geología, 13, pp. 77-79Odreman, O., Ricardi, F., Flora paleozoica de la región de Carache (1992) Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Geólogos, 45, pp. 33-41Patzkowsky, M.E., Smith, L.H., Markwich, P.J., Engberts, C.J., Gyllenhaal, E.D., Application of the Fujica-Ziegler Model: early Permian and Late Cretaceous examples (1991) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 86, pp. 67-85Pierce, C.R., Jefferson, C.C., Smith, W.R., Fossiliferous Paleozoic localities in Mérida Andes, Venezuela (1961) Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 45, pp. 342-375Read, C.B., Mamay, S.H., Upper Paleozoic floral zones and floral provinces of the United States (1964) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers, 454 K, pp. 1-35Rees, P.McA., Gibbs, M.T., Ziegler, A.M., Kutzbach, J.E., Behling, P.J., Permian climates: evaluating model predictions using global paleobotanical data (1999) Geology, 27, pp. 891-894Rees, P.McA., Ziegler, A.M., Gibbs, M.T., Kutzbach, J.E., Behling, P.J., Rowley, D.B., Permian phytogeographic patterns and climate data/model comparisons (statistical data included) (2002) Journal of Geology, 110, pp. 1-31Ricardi, F., 1994. Flora das Formações Carache e Palmarito (Neopaleozóico) na região de Carache, Estado de Trujillo, Venezuela. Master thesis. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São PauloRicardi, F., Rösler, O., Odreman, O., Delnortea ("Gigantopterid") Flora of the Palmarito Formation (Artinskian) in NW Venezuela (1995) Varsawa, Part 3, pp. 123-132. , Proceedings 13th International Congress Carboniferous-PermianRicardi, F., Rösler, O., Odreman, O., Tafoflora de Delnortea (Gigantopterideae) de Loma de San Juan (Formación Palmarito, NO de Venezuela) y sus relaciones paleofitogeográficas en el Artinskiano (Neopaleozoico) (1998) Plantula, 2, pp. 73-86Ricardi, F., Rösler, O., Odreman, O., La flora euroamericana de Carache (Carbonífero Tardio - Pérmico Temprano), Município de Carache, NO de Venezuela (2005) Plantula, 3, pp. 153-167Rowley, D.E., Raymond, A., Parrish, J.T., Lottes, A.L., Scotese, C.R., Ziegler, A.M., Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions (1985) International Journal of Coal Geology, 5, pp. 7-42Scotese, C.R., Mckerrow, W.S., Revised World Maps and introduction (1990) The Geological Society, Geological Society Memoir, 12, pp. 1-21. , Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography. Mckerrow W.S., and Scotese C.R. (Eds)Scotese, C.R., Boucot, A.J., Mckerrow, W.S., Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology (1999) Journal of African Earth Science, 28, pp. 99-114Sellards, E.H., Fossil plants of the Upper Palaeozoic of Kansas (1908) Kansas Geological Survey, 9, pp. 386-476(1990) Informe final del levantamento geológico de las líneas sismicas del flanco Nor-Andino, , SERVIGEOMIN, Ministerio de Energia e Minas, Caracas SERVIGEOMIN, MaravenSpalletti, L.A., Artabe, A.E., Morel, E.M., Geological factors and evolution of southwestern Gondwana Triassic plants (2003) Gondwana Research, 6, pp. 119-134Tabor, N.J., Montañez, I.P., Shifts in late Paleozoic atmospheric circulation over western equatorial Pangea: insights from pedogenic mineral d18O composition (2002) Geology, 30, pp. 1127-1130Tabor, N.J., Montañez, I.P., Randal, J.S., Paleoenvironmental reconstruction from chemical and isotopic compositions of Permo-Pennsylvanian pedogenic minerals (2002) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, pp. 3093-3107Utsunomiya, A., Suzuki, N., Ota, T., in press. Preserved paleo-oceanic plateaus in accretionary complexes: Implications for the contributions of the Pacific superplume to global environmental change. Gondwana Research 14. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.11.003Wang, N., Palaeo-ecologic climatology of China with special reference to its plate tectonic implications for pre-Jurasic time (1989) Journal of Southeast Asian earth Sciences, 3, pp. 171-177Wang, Z., Permian gigantic palaeobotanical events in North China (1991) Acta Paleontologica Sinica, 28, pp. 31-343Weber, R., How old is the Triassic flora of Sonora and Tamaulipas and the news on Leonardian floras in Puebla and Hidalgo, Mexico (1997) Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas, 15, pp. 225-243White, D., The characters of the Fossil Plant Gigantopteris, Schenk and its occurrence in North America (1912) Proceedings of U. S. National Museum, 41, pp. 493-516White, D., Flora of the Hermit Shale, Grand Canyon, Arizona (1929) Carnegie Institution of Washington, 405, pp. 1-221Ziegler, A.M., Phytogeographic patterns and continental configurations during the Permian Period (1990) The Geological Society, Geological Society Memoir, 12, pp. 363-379. , Paleozoic Paleogeography and Biogeography. Mckerrow W.S., and Scotese C.R. (Eds

Leonardosia Langei Sommer (charophyta, Porocharaceae) From Corumbataí Formation (guadalupian), Piracicaba, Sp, Brazil: First Record Of An Antheridium And Of Corticated Thalli

Fossilized portions of a charophyte found in close association with disperse gyrogonites identified as Leonardosia langei Sommer are described. One sample has an antheridium apparently connected to a thallus clearly corticated. Considering the close association and the lack of other carophyte species than L. langei the thalli are thought to belong to this species. The male structure is very rare and is recorded for the first time in L. langei and in the Porocharaceae. The samples consist of compressions/impressions from the Corumbataí Formation (Guadalupian of the Paraná Basin), found in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The presence of such algae provides evidence of some of the palaeoenvironmental conditions prevailing during the deposition of the Corumbataí Formation: a low energy environment, probably along the margin of a shallow inland sea not directly connected to the ocean. © Asociacián Paleontológica Argentina.4614957Cüneo, R.N., Permian phytogeography in Gondwana (1996) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 125, pp. 75-104Faria, R.S., Ricardi-Branco, F. and Rohn, R. 2007. Associaçã o paleofloristica em um afloramento da Formação Corumbataí, Piracicaba, SP (Paleofloristic assemblages in na outcrop of Corumbataí Formation, SP). In: I. Carvalho, Rita de Cassia Tardin Cassab, Cibele Schwanke, Marcelo Araujo Carvalho, Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes, Maria Antonieta da Conceição Rodrigues, Marise Sardenberg Salgado de Carvalho, Mitsuru Arai, Maria Emília Queiroz Oliveira (eds.), Paleontologia: cenários de vida, 1. Editora Interciência, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 61-70Feist, M., Coordinating Author's Preface (2005) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part B, Proctotista (Charophyta), 1, pp. 7-8. , R. Kaesler ed, The Geological Society of America & The University of Kansas, Boulder & Laurence, ppFeist, M. and Grambast-Fessard, N. 1991. The genus concept in Charophyta: Evidence from Paleozoic to recent. In R. Riding (ed.) Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites, Spninger-Vaerlag, Berlin, New York, pp. 189-203Feist, M., Grambast-Fessard, N., Systematic Descriptions (2005) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part B, Proctotista (Charophyta), 1, pp. 92-145. , R. Kaesler ed, The Geological Society of America & The University of Kansas, Boulder & Laurence, ppGarcía, A., Charophyta: Their use in paleolinmology (1994) Journal of Paleolimnology, 10, pp. 43-52Graham, L.E., The origin of the life cycle of land plants (1985) American Scientist, 73, pp. 178-186Grambast, L., Classification de l'embranchement des charophytes. (1962) Naturalia Monspeliensia (série Botanique), 14, pp. 63-86Guerlesquin, M., Feist, M., Morphology (2005) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part B, Proctotista, 1, pp. 1-23. , R. Kaesler ed, Charophyta, The Geological Society of America & The University of Kansas, Boulder & Laurence, ppHorn of Rantzien, H. 1956. Morphological terminology relating to female charophyte gametangia and fructifications. Botaniska Notiser 109: 212-259Kisielevsky, F., Kharophity iz verkhnepermiskikh otlozheniï vostochnoï chasti Vostochno Evropeïskoï Platformy (Permian Charophyta from the east of the Eastern Platform) (1993) Paleontologicheskii Zlmurnal, 3, pp. 97-109Lu, H., Zhang, S., New Paleozoic charophytes of China (1990) Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica, 7, pp. 9-17Petri, S., Fúlfaro, V.J., Fanerozóico (1981) Geologia do Brasil, , T.A. Queiroz ed, Editora da USP, São Paulo, 131 ppRagonha, E.W., Soares, P.C., Ocorrências de Carófitas Fósseis na Formação Estra da Nova em Anhembi - SP. XXVI2° Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia (Porto Alegre) (1974) Anais, pp. 271-275Rohn, R., The Passa Dois Group (Paraná Basin, Permian): Investigations in progress (2007) I Workshop-Problems in the Western Gondwana Geology, South America - Africa correlations: Du Toit revisited (Gramado), Extended Abstracts, pp. 151-157Rohn, R., Rösler, O., Middle to Upper Permian phytostratigraphy of the Eastern Paraná Basin (2000) Revista da Universidade de Guarulhos, 5, pp. 69-73Saidakovsky, L.Y., Permskie i Triasovskie Charophyta zemnoho shara (Permian and Triassic Charophyta of the world) (1993) Algologiya, 3, pp. 76-82Sommer, F.W. 1954. Contribuiçäo á paleofitogeografia do Paraná. In: F.W. Lange (ed.), Paleontologia do Paraná. Comemorativo do I Centenário do Estado do Paraná, Comissão de Comemoraçöes do Centenánio do Paraná, Paraná, pp.175-l94Soulié-Märsche, I., Benammi, M., Gemayel, P., Biogeography of living and fossil Nitellopsis (Charophyta) in relantionship to new finds from Morocco (2002) Journal of Biogeography, 29, pp. 1703-1711Wang, Z., Two new charophyte genera from the upper Permian and their bearing on the phylogeny and classification of Charales and Trochiliscales (1984) Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica, 1, pp. 49-60Zalán, P.V., Wolff, S., Astolfi, M.A., Vieira, I.S., Conceição, J.C., Appi, V., Neto, E., Cerqueira, J.R. and Marques, A. 1991. Tectonics and sedimentation of the Paraná Basin. 7° International Gondwana Symposium (São Paulo, 1988), Proceedings: 83 - 117Zampirolli, A.P., Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M.E.C. and Maranhão. M.S. 1997. Girogonites Silicificados da Formaçäo Estrada Nova, Neopermiano, Bacia do Paraná, Municipio de Fartura, SP, Brasil. Sessão Regular da Academia Brasileria de Ciências (São Paulo, 1996), Resumno das Comnunicações, Anais da Academia 69: 27

Plant Debris Accumulations In The Preto River Subbasin, Itanhaém, São Paulo, Brazil: Insights From Geotechnology

Geophysical methods can be used to identify the frequency and spatial distribution of plant debris, as well as for the study of the development of such accumulations in recent depositional settings. Side-scan sonar and a sub-bottom profiler were used to generate acoustic images of plant macroremains along a 16.9 km stretch of the meandering course of the Preto River in the municipality of Itanhaém, São Paulo, Brazil. Numerous inclined heterolithic tratification (IHS) deposits with plant debris constitute point bars, while sand dunes mark the migration of the channel along the straighter portions of the river. A large concentration of methane gas was found associated with older organic sediments in the river. The acoustically generated results were confirmed by the analysis of cores with all data integrated into the geographic information system (GIS) environment. 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