55 research outputs found

    Eucalyptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil activity in the control of Colletotrichum acutatum, in strawberry crop

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    A flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a busca por alternativas de controle tem sido uma constante, principalmente em áreas de cultivo orgânico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, in vitro e in vivo, dos óleos de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro. No experimento in vitro determinou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial quando o fungo foi submetido aos extratos nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5%. No campo, avaliou-se o controle da doença com a aplicação dos óleos nas concentrações de 0, 0,5 e 1,0%, pulverizados em intervalos de 7, 15 e 30 dias, em plantas inoculadas com suspensão de 10(6) conídios/mL. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, observando-se a ocorrência e tamanho de lesões no pedúnculo e nos frutos, abortamento floral, produtividade, e ocorrência natural da doença. In vitro todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento micelial do fungo quando comparados ao controle. No campo, apenas o óleo de nim apresentou efeito significativo, reduzindo o abortamento floral e a ocorrência de frutos doentes advindos de flores inoculadas. Porém, maior ocorrência natural de doença foi observada quando a dosagem de 1,0% foi aplicada semanalmente.Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases in strawberry crop, and the search for control alternatives has been frequent, especially in organic cultivation areas. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Eucaliptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil on the control of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. In the in vitro experiment, mycelial growth inhibition was determined when the fungus was subjected to extracts at the following concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5%. In the field, the disease control was evaluated through oil spraying at 0, 0.5 and 1.0% concentrations at intervals of seven, fifteen and thirty days, in plants inoculated with 10(6) conidia/mL suspension. Evaluations were weekly performed, and parameters such as occurrences and size of lesions in the peduncle and in the fruits, flower abortion, productivity, and natural disease occurrences were observed. In vitro, all treatments showed significant reduction in the mycelial growth relative to control. In the field, only neem oil had a significant effect decreasing flower abortion and the occurrences of sick fruits originated from inoculated flowers. However, natural disease occurrence was higher when 1.0% was weekly sprayed

    Época de ensacamento da banana ‘Prata-anã’ sobre o controle da antracnose

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    O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a época de ensacamento da banana ‘Prata-Anã’ visando a reduzir a doença antracnose. Os tratamentos consistiram na proteção dos cachos de banana com sacos de TNT na emissão de 30; 60; 90 e 120 dias após a emissão e de cachos não ensacados. Os frutos foram colhidos, armazenados em câmara de refrigeração (25 ±1°C e 80 ±5% UR) e avaliados quanto à incidência e a severidade da antracnose. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, repetidos em dois anos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). As características físicas e químicas dos frutos armazenados foram avaliadas a cada três dias, por 12 dias. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, quatro períodos de avaliação, repetidos em dois anos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão (p<0,05). A incidência da antracnose foi reduzida em até 67% pelo ensacamento dos cachos na emissão. Os cachos ensacados na emissão e no primeiro mês de desenvolvimento não apresentaram severidade da antracnose. O ensacamento na emissão dos cachos reduz a incidência e a severidade da antracnose. O período de ensacamento do cacho não interfere nas características físicas e químicas dos frutos.The aim of this work was to determine the bagging time of ‘Prata Anã’ banana in order to reduce anthracnose disease. Treatments consisted of protection of banana bunches with TNT bags at emission, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emission and of unpacked bunches. Fruits were collected, stored in refrigeration chamber (25 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 5% RH) and evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity. The study design was completely randomized with six treatments, repeated over two years. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (p <0.05). The physical and chemical characteristics of stored fruits were evaluated every three days for 12 days. The study design was completely randomized with six treatments, four evaluation periods, repeated over two years. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression (p <0.05). The anthracnose incidence was reduced by up to 67% by bagging bunches at emission. Bunches bagged at emission and at the first month of development did not show anthracnose severity. Bagging bunches reduces anthracnose incidence and severity. The bagging time does not interfere with the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits

    In vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by substances isolated from Amazonian antimalarial plants

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    In the present study, a quassinoid, neosergeolide, isolated from the roots and stems of Picrolemma sprucei (Simaroubaceae), the indole alkaloids ellipticine and aspidocarpine, isolated from the bark of Aspidosperma vargasii and A. desmanthum (Apocynaceae), respectively, and 4-nerolidylcatechol, isolated from the roots of Pothomorphe peltata (Piperaceae), all presented significant in vitro inhibition (more active than quinine and chloroquine) of the multi-drug resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Neosergeolide presented activity in the nanomolar range. This is the first report on the antimalarial activity of these known, natural compounds. This is also the first report on the isolation of aspidocarpine from A. desmanthum. These compounds are good candidates for pre-clinical tests as novel lead structures with the aim of finding new antimalarial prototypes and lend support to the traditional use of the plants from which these compounds are derived
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