Exact String-like Solutions of the Gauged Nonlinear O(3) Model

We show that the least energy conditions in the gauged nonlinear sigma model with Chern-Simons term lead to exact soliton-like solutions which have the same features as domain walls. We will derive and discuss the corresponding solutions, and compute the total energy, charge, and spin of the resulting system.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Conceptual framework for developing a diabetes information network

Objective: To provide a conceptual framework for managing diabetic patient care, and creating an information network for clinical research. Background: A wide range of information technology (IT) based interventions such as distance learning, diabetes registries, personal or electronic health record systems, clinical information systems, and clinical decision support systems have so far been used in supporting diabetic care. Previous studies demonstrated that IT could improve diabetes care at its different aspects. There is however no comprehensive conceptual framework that defines how different IT applications can support diverse aspects of this care. Therefore, a conceptual framework that combines different IT solutions into a wide information network for improving care processes and for research purposes is widely lacking. In this study we describe the theoretical underpin of a big project aiming at building a wide diabetic information network namely DIANET. Research design and methods: A literature review and a survey of national programs and existing regulations for diabetes management was conducted in order to define different aspects of diabetic care that should be supported by IT solutions. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this study. In addition to the results of a previous systematic literature review, two brainstorming and three expert panel sessions were conducted to identify requirements of a comprehensive information technology solution. Based on these inputs, the requirements for creating a diabetes information network were identified and used to create a questionnaire based on 9-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was finalized after removing some items based on calculated content validity ratio and content validity index coefficients. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was also calculated (α Total= 0.98, P < 0.05, CI=0.95). The final questionnaire was containing 45 items. It was sent to 13 clinicians at two diabetes clinics of endocrine and metabolism research institute in order to assess the necessity level of the requirements for diabetes information network conceptual framework. The questionnaires were returned by 10 clinicians. Each requirement item was labeled as essential, semi-essential, or non-essential based on the mean of its scores. Results: All requirement items were identified as essential or semi-essential. Thus, all of them were used to build the conceptual framework. The requirements were allocated into 11 groups each one representing a module in the conceptual framework. Each module was described separately. Conclusion: We proposed a conceptual framework for supporting diabetes care and research. Integrating different and heterogeneous clinical information systems of healthcare facilities and creating a comprehensive diabetics data warehouse for research purposes, would be possible by using the DIANET framework. � 2016 Hossein Riazi, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Bagher Larijani, and Leila Shahmoradi

Managing diabetes mellitus using information technology: A systematic review

Objective: To review published evidences about using information technology interventions in diabetes care and determine their effects on managing diabetes. Design: Systematic review of information technology based interventions. Research design and methods: MEDLINE®/PubMed were electronically searched for articles published between 2004/07/01 and 2014/07/01. A comprehensive, electronic search strategy was used to identify eligible articles. Inclusion criteria were defined based on type of study and effect of information technology based intervention in relation to glucose control and other clinical outcomes in diabetic patients. Studies must have used a controlled design to evaluate an information technology based intervention. A total of 3613 articles were identified based on the searches conducted in MEDLINE from PubMed. After excluding duplicates (n = 6), we screened titles and abstracts of 3607 articles based on inclusion criteria. The remaining articles matched with inclusion criteria (n = 277) were reviewed in full text, and 210 articles were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Finally, 67 articles complied with our eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Results: In this study, the effect of various information technology based interventions on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients extracted and measured from selected articles is described and compared to each other. Conclusion: Information technology based interventions combined with the usual care are associated with improved glycemic control with different efficacy on various clinical outcomes in diabetic patients. © 2015 Riazi et al

Effect of different salinity on ions, osmolarity, water concentration of body tissue, gill chloride cells and mortality percentage of juveniles of Caspian roach (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamensky 1901)

Changes of ions (Na+, Ca, K+), osmolarity and water concentration of body tissue, size and number of gill chloride cells as well as mortality percentage of the juveniles Caspian roaches in weight groups of 0.2, 0.5 & 1g water satiny stress were studied. The salinities tested were 0 (fresh water), 7, 12.5 & 16 g/lit and the assessments were completed 0, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hours after exposure. Results showed that ions and osmolarity of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5g/lit increased significantly during the first 12 hours (P'<0.05). These values then showed down were trend to the values recorded for fresh water. Water concentration of body tissue reached the minimum mean value in 12 hours (P<0.05) in salinity of 12.5 g/lit and then showed upward trend to the value obtained for freshwater. Ions and osmolarity of body tissue of the juveniles increased and water concentration of body tissue decreased significant after the first 12 hours of transferring into salinity of 16g/lit (P<0.05). Weight changes in juveniles of 1g in salinities of 0 up to 16g/lit was similar to juveniles of 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5gllit and the maximum mean values of ions and osmolarity and the minimum value of water concentration body tissue in 16g/lit salinity in hour 12 (P<0.05). Size and number of gill chloride cells of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinities of 0 up to 12.5g/lit increased significantly during the first 12 hours of exposure (P<0.05) and reached the maximum mean values in 12.5g/lit salinity 12 & 24 hours after exposure, respectively (P<0.05) and showed invisible changes up to the end of the test. Size and number of chloride cells of the juveniles increased after the first 12 hours of transferring into salinity of 16g/lit (P<0.05). Changes of the indices in juveniles weighting 1gin salinities of 0 up to 16g/lit was similar to juveniles of 0.2 & 0.5g kept in salinities of 0 up to 12.5gtlit and the maximum values was in 12 and 24 hours after exposure, respectively (P<0.05). Ions and osmolarity of body tissue and size and number of chloride cells increased significantly with increase of salinity and weight and water salinity and water concentration of body tissue decreased significantly with increase in water salinity and increased in fish weight (P<0.05). Juveniles weighting 0.2 up to 1g showed no mortality in salinities of 0 & 7g/lit during t- test. Mortality of the juveniles weighting 0.2, 0.5 and 1g/1it increased during the first 12 hours and became constant to the end of the test. Mortality of juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinity of 16g/lit was similar to that of the juveniles weighting 0.2 & 0.5g in salinity of 12.5g/lit. Mortality of the juveniles increased significantly with increase of salinity and decreased with increase of weight (P<0.05)

Magnetic Branes in (n+1)(n+1)-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity

We construct two new classes of spacetimes generated by spinning and traveling magnetic sources in $(n+1)$-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity with Liouville-type potential. These solutions are neither asymptotically flat nor (A)dS. The first class of solutions which yields a $(n+1)$-dimensional spacetime with a longitudinal magnetic field and $k$ rotation parameters have no curvature singularity and no horizons, but have a conic geometry. We show that when one or more of the rotation parameters are nonzero, the spinning branes has a net electric charge that is proportional to the magnitude of the rotation parameters. The second class of solutions yields a static spacetime with an angular magnetic field, and have no curvature singularity, no horizons, and no conical singularity. Although one may add linear momentum to the second class of solutions by a boost transformation, one does not obtain a new solution. We find that the net electric charge of these traveling branes with one or more nonzero boost parameters is proportional to the magnitude of the velocity of the branes. We also use the counterterm method and calculate the conserved quantities of the solutions.Comment: 15 pages, the last version to appear in PR

Hydrogel nanoparticle encapsulated plasmid as a suitable gene delivery system

To facilitate the delivery of genetic material, the use of appropriate carriers such as polymers is necessary. Nanoparticles comprising of chitosan-alginate polymers were formed through pregel preparation method. Chi/Alg nanoparticles had a mean Z-Average diameter of 161.8 nm and mean zeta 29.3 mV, respectively. The ability of plasmid-complex in preventing DNA migration showed Chi/Alg nanoparticles have great capacity to maintain plasmid. The efficiency of nanoparticles for transfection of pEGFP-N1 plasmid in the cultured HEK 293 cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cell viability assays indicated that nanoparticles had no toxic effect on HEK 293 cells after 4 or 24 h. Our suitable candidate for gene delivery would be alg/chi nanoparticles.Для облегчения доставки генетического материала необходимо использование подходящих носителей, таких как полимеры. Наночастицы, состоящие из хитозан-альгинатных полимеров, были получены методом подготовки прегеля. Chi/Alg наночастицы имели средний диаметр 161.8 нм (Z-Average) и средний zeta-потенциал 29.3 mV. Отсутствие миграции ДНК во время электрофореза комплексов плазмиды с наночастицами показало, что Chi/Alg наночастицы могут удерживать плазмидную ДНК внутри комплекса. Эффективность наночастиц для трансфекции плазмиды pEGFP-N1 в культивируемые клетки HEK 293 была измерена с помощью жидкостной цитометрии. Тесты на жизнеспособ-ность клеток показали, что наночастицы не имели токсичного эффекта на клетки HEK 293 через 4 ч или 24 ч. Наночастицы Alg/Chi являются подходящим кандидатом для доставки генов

Necessity of Dark Energy from Thermodynamic Arguments

Considering the cosmic fluid as a quasi-static thermodynamic system, the status of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is investigated and the valid range of the equation of state parameter is derived for a few important cosmological models. Our study shows that the satisfaction of the laws of thermodynamics in these cosmological models requires the existence of some kind of energy in our universe with ω<−1/3. In other words, the existence of a dark energy component, or equivalently modified gravity theory, is unavoidable if the cosmological model is to approach thermal equilibrium in late times

Rotating Solution of Einstein-Maxwell Dilaton Gravity with Unusual Asymptotics

We study electrically charged, dilaton black holes, which possess infinitesimal angular momentum in the presence of one or two Liouville type potentials. These solutions are neither asymptotically flat nor (anti)-de Sitter. Some properties of the solutions are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, Accepted (Int. J. Theor. Phys.