Estudo comparativo dos procedimentos percutâneos orientados por métodos de imagem no tratamento das coleções hepáticas A comparative study of image-guided percutaneous procedures for the treatment of liver abscesses

OBJETIVO: Verificar e comparar a eficácia da punção aspirativa e da drenagem percutânea, orientadas por métodos de imagem, no tratamento das coleções hepáticas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram encaminhados, ao nosso setor, 52 pacientes para tratamento percutâneo de coleções abdominais. Destes, 17 apresentavam coleções hepáticas, sendo 13/17 não-complexas e 4/17, complexas (multiloculadas, múltiplas ou associadas a fístulas). Foram submetidas a punção aspirativa 7/17 coleções (41,2%) e a drenagem percutânea, 10/17 (58,8%). Considerou-se como sucesso do método a resolução completa da coleção, com melhora clínica e laboratorial do paciente. RESULTADOS: O sucesso do procedimento ocorreu em 82,4% dos casos. Nas coleções submetidas exclusivamente a punção aspirativa, obteve-se sucesso em 57,1%, enquanto nas submetidas a drenagem percutânea o sucesso foi de 100%. O índice de sucesso no grupo submetido a punção aspirativa foi de 75% nas coleções menores que 100 ml, e de 33,3% naquelas entre 100 e 250 ml. Houve sucesso com a punção aspirativa em 75% das coleções não-complexas e em 25% das complexas. CONCLUSÃO: A drenagem percutânea é mais eficaz que a punção aspirativa no tratamento das coleções hepáticas. A punção aspirativa talvez possa ser empregada como alternativa válida nas coleções de menor volume e não-complexas.<br>OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the efficacy of percutaneous needle aspiration and percutaneous catheter drainage, both guided by imaging methods, for the treatment of liver abscesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 52 patients referred to our service for percutaneous treatment of abdominal abscesses, 17 presented liver abscesses, 13 of which were considered noncomplex and four were considered complex (multiloculated, multiple or associated to fistulas). Percutaneous needle aspiration was performed in 7/17 patients and 10/17 patients were submitted to percutaneous catheter drainage. The method used was considered successful when there was complete abscess resolution with both clinical and laboratorial improvement. RESULTS: The procedures were successful in 82.4% of all cases. In the group submitted to percutaneous needle aspiration the rate of success was 57.1% and in the group submitted to percutaneous catheter drainage the rate of success was 100%. Successful treatment was achieved in 75% of the patients submitted to percutaneous needle aspiration for abscesses smaller than 100 ml, but in only 33.3% of the patients with abscesses between 100 and 250 ml. There was complete resolution of the abscesses with percutaneous needle aspiration in 75% of the simple abscesses and in 25% of the complex abscesses. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous catheter drainage is more effective than percutaneous needle aspiration for the treatment of liver abscesses. Needle aspiration may probably be used as a valid alternative for smaller and noncomplex abscesses

Auditory neuropathy--neural and synaptic mechanisms.

Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common form of hearing loss, and encompasses pathologies of the cochlea and the auditory nerve. Hearing impairment caused by abnormal neural encoding of sound stimuli despite preservation of sensory transduction and amplification by outer hair cells is known as 'auditory neuropathy'. This term was originally coined for a specific type of hearing impairment affecting speech comprehension beyond changes in audibility: patients with this condition report that they "can hear but cannot understand". This type of hearing impairment can be caused by damage to the sensory inner hair cells (IHCs), IHC ribbon synapses or spiral ganglion neurons. Human genetic and physiological studies, as well as research on animal models, have recently shown that disrupted IHC ribbon synapse function--resulting from genetic alterations that affect presynaptic glutamate loading of synaptic vesicles, Ca(2+) influx, or synaptic vesicle exocytosis--leads to hearing impairment termed 'auditory synaptopathy'. Moreover, animal studies have demonstrated that sound overexposure causes excitotoxic loss of IHC ribbon synapses. This mechanism probably contributes to hearing disorders caused by noise exposure or age-related hearing loss. This Review provides an update on recently elucidated sensory, synaptic and neural mechanisms of hearing impairment, their corresponding clinical findings, and discusses current rehabilitation strategies as well as future therapies