Utilização de carvão e subprodutos da carbonização vegetal na agricultura: aprendendo com as Terras Pretas de Índio.

A Carbonização Vegetal. Físico química da carbonização vegetal. Características e propriedades do carvão e de subprodutos da carbonização vegetal. Carvão. Alcatrão vegetal. Ácido pirolenhoso. A produção de carvão vegetal e subprodutos da carbonização vegetal no Brasil. Potencial produção de fertilizantes e condicionadores de solos a partir de carvão e subprodutos da carbonização vegetal. Síntese de ácidos húmicos a partir de carvão vegetal. Utilização de carvão na produção de fertilizantes orgânicos e substratos. Produção de condicionadores orgânicos. Utilização de fino de carvão como substrato para mudas. Próximos passos para a pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação

Reproducibility Analysis Of The Stability And Treatment Of Vertebral Metastatic Lesions

Objectives: To investigate the reproducibility among spine surgeons in defining the treatment of vertebral metastatic lesions, taking into account the mechanical stability of injuries. Methods: Twenty cases of isolated vertebral metastatic lesions were presented to ten experts. Their opinion was then asked about the stability of the lesion, as well as their treatment option. Results: The interobserver Kappa coefficient obtained both for stability analysis as to the decision of the treatment was poor (0.334 and 0.248, respectively). Conclusions: Poor interobserver reproducibility was observed in deciding the treatment of vertebral metastatic lesions when considering the stability of the lesions.133232234American Cancer Society, (2007) Cancer Facts and Figures, , Atlanta: American Cancer SocietyNewman, C.B., Keshavarzi, S., Aryan, H.E., En bloc sacrectomy and reconstruction technique modification for pelvic fixation (2009) Surg Neurol, 72 (6), pp. 752-756Harrington, K.D., Current concepts review: Metastatic disease of the spine (1986) J Bone Joint Surg Am, 68 (7), pp. 1110-1115Gasbarrini, A., Cappuccio, M., Mirabile, L., Bandiera, S., Terzi, S., Barbanti Bròdano, G., Spinal metastases: Treatment evaluation algorithm (2004) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 8 (6), pp. 265-274Bilsky, M., Smith, M., Surgical approach to epidural spinal cord compression (2006) Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 20 (6), pp. 1307-1317Weber, M.H., Burch, S., Buckley, J., Schmidt, M.H., Fehlings, M.G., Vrionis, F.D., Instability and impending instability of the thoracolumbar spine in patients with spinal metastases: A systematic review (2011) Int J Oncol, 38 (1), pp. 5-12Tokuhashi, Y., Kawano, H., Ohsaka, S., Matsuzaki, H., Toriyama, S., A scoring system for preoperative evaluation of the prognosis of metastatic spine tumor (a preliminary report) (1989) Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi, 63 (5), pp. 482-489Tokuhashi, Y., Matsuzaki, H., Toriyama, S., Kawano, H., Ohsaka, S., Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis (1990) Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 15 (11), pp. 1110-1113Tomita, K., Kawahara, N., Baba, H., Tsuchiya, H., Fujita, T., Toribatake, Y., Total em bloc spondylectomy. A new surgical technique for primary malignant vertebral tumors (1997) Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 22 (3), pp. 324-333Tomita, K., Kawahara, N., Kobayashi, T., Yoshida, A., Murakami, H., Akamaru, T., Surgical strategy for spinal metastases (2001) Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 26 (3), pp. 298-306Fisher, C.G., DiPaola, C.P., Ryken, T.C., Bilsky, M.H., Shaffrey, C.I., Berven, S.H., A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: An evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group (2010) Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 35 (22), pp. E1221-E1229Fourney, D.R., Frangou, E.M., Ryken, T.C., Dipaola, C.P., Shaffrey, C.I., Berven, S.H., Spinal instability neoplastic score: An analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group (2011) J Clin Oncol, 29 (22), pp. 3072-307

Self-similar magnetoresistance of Fibonacci ultrathin magnetic films

We study numerically the magnetic properties (magnetization and magnetoresistance) of ultra-thin magnetic films (Fe/Cr) grown following the Fibonacci sequence. We use a phenomenological model which includes Zeeman, cubic anisotropy, bilinear and biquadratic exchange energies. Our physical parameters are based on experimental data recently reported, which contain biquadratic exchange coupling with magnitude comparable to the bilinear exchange coupling. When biquadratic exchange coupling is sufficiently large a striking self-similar pattern emerges.Comment: 5 pages, 5 EPS figures, REVTeX, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

The Interest Rate Effects of Government Bond Purchases Away from the Lower Bound

I analyze the recent experience of unconventional monetary policy in Sweden to study the interest rate transmission mechanisms of government bond purchases when interest rates are not constrained by a lower bound. Using dynamic term structure models and event study regressions I find that government bond purchases have important portfolio balance and signaling effects. The signaling channel operates mainly by lowering short-rate expectations in the intermediate segment of the yield curve, while the portfolio balance channel is effective in lowering longer maturity term premia. In addition, I find that target interest rate policy and government bond purchases operate in different segments of the yield curve. This suggests that a combination of the two policies can be used to lower interest rates across the whole maturity spectrum, making monetary policy more expansionary