Effect of Prefabricated Insole with Shock Absorb Canal and Custom-Molded Insole on Pain and Function in Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis: A Pilot Study: Effect of insoles on pain and function in plantar fasciitis

Introduction: The purpose of this study was comparison of the effect of custom-molded insole and prefabricated insole with shock absorb canal on pain and function in subjects with plantar fasciitis. Methods and Materials: In this pilot study, fourteen patients with plantar fasciitis were non-randomly assigned to two groups of 7 people. A group received the custom-molded insoles and another group received the prefabricated insoles with shock absorb canal. Before the use of the insoles in each group, the patients ' pain and function were recorded. The pain score was measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). For evaluating the function, patients were asked to complete the foot and ankle ability measurement questionnaire (FAAM).Then, patients in both groups used insoles for 6 weeks. After a 6-week use of the insoles, the pain and function were recorded for the second time. Wilcoxon test was used for the effect of insoles in each group (comparison before and after the intervention) and Mann-Whitney test for comparison between two groups. Results: In comparison within each group, the findings showed that the use of both insoles after 6 weeks led to a significant decrease in pain score and a significant increase in the score of daily activities as well as sports activities compared with before use of insoles (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in pain and function scores between the two groups after using the insoles (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, there was no significant difference between the custom-molded insole and the prefabricated insole in improving pain and function of patients with plantar fasciitis. However, both types of insoles reduced pain and improved the function, with more acceptable to the prefabricated insole

Prevalence of flat foot and hallux valgus deformity among primary school female students in Kiar city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Introduction: Foot deformities are common among complaints of patients referred to the orthopedic centers. Most of naturally occurring lower limb deformities in children, which are rather common, would be corrected with further normal growth. However, a small percentage of these problems remain unresolved and may cause complications in the future. The main aim of this study is determination of prevalence of flat foot and hallux valgus deformity among primary school female students in Kiar city of Chaharmahal and BakhtiariMaterial and Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Foot posture index (FPI 6) test evaluate for 345 students in age range 7- 11 years and two groups of 7 to 9 years and 11 to 10 years. Also prevalence of hallux valgus among 345 students evaluated.Results: 7.8 % of studied subjects had flat foot deformity. Among 345 students, 12 (6.6%) students in range of age 7 -9 years and 15 (9.3 %) students in range of 10-11 had flat foot deformity. Also prevalence of hallux valgus was 16.5%.Conclusion: These findings point to the importance of proper physical examination, early diagnosis and on-time treatment of foot deformities such as flat foot and hallux valgus deformity in children

Comparison of Three Orthoses Effects on Planter Fascitis

Objective: Plantar Fasciitis is the common foot complaint that outbreaks as a result of an inflammation of plantar fascia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three orthoses, silicon heel pad, thermoplastic custom-made arch support and Tension Night splint, how they relived pain in plantar fasciitis. Materials & Methods: In this quasi experimental study that was done on 16 patients who were referred from Shariati Hospital Orthopedic ward to Saba Orthotics & Prosthetics Center age, sex, BMI, occupation and activity level were not inclusion criteria, systemic diseases and also surgery on foot in past were as exclusion criteria. The patients were assigned one by one to three treatment groups who were ready to admit them. Subject's pain was assessed for 3 months, at 2nd, 6th and 12th week, by Numerical Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale through phone. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Pierson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients, Kruskal-Wallis test and Repeated Measurement test. Results: The coefficient correlation of Numerical score pain and rating score pain were 0.80. The average of morning (P=0.87), evening (P=0.198) and the worse pain (P=0.113) before entering the study were similar in three groups. The repeated measurement test defined that all the three orthoses were effective for the morning, evening and as so for the worse pain (P<0.001). There was not significant difference among the three groups in decrease of morning (P=0.483), evening (P=0.462) and worse pain (P=0.948).  Conclusion: Taking advantage of the three orthoses without any treatment was effective for the Plantar Fasciitis pain in this study

The effect of the heel- to- toe rocker shoe on limitation of the foot and ankle joints motions

Background : Rocker sole are the most commonly prescribed external therapeutic shoe modification. rocker profiles have also proven useful in the treatment of conditions requiring limitation of the ankle and midfoot motions. The aim of this study was to assessed the effects of the heel- to-toe rocker shoes on the motion of the forefoot and hindfoot . Materials and Methods: In this quasi-exprimental study, three-dimentional gait analysis was performed on 15 healthy volunteers girls with normal BMI and normal gait pattern, between 18-24 years old . A Vicon 470 system(Oxford Metrix, U.K.) consisting of 6 ultra-red cameras operating at 60Hz and two kistler forceplate(A9286) was used.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to statistical analysis. the motion of the forefoot and hindfoot compared between traditional shoes and heel- to-toe rocker shoes. Results: The statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the hindfoot joint excursion while wearing rocker shoes in sagittal plane was significantly less than that while wearing traditional shoes(p=0.005) but in frontal plane increased(p=0.028) and no obvious rocker shoe effect was found in the transverse plane(p=0.203). The average of forefoot joint excursion in the sagittal plane while wearing modified shoes shoes was significantly less than that while wearing traditional shoes(p=0.047) but in frontal plane with modified shoes forefoot joint excursion increased(p=0.013). and in transverse plane this rocker shoe significantly restricted hindfoot motion (p=0.015). Conclusion: Thisstudy showed that the heel- to-toe rocker shoe significantly restricts foot joints motions in sagittal plane but joints motions in frontal plain increase with this modification

Application of ultrasound in the assessment of plantar fascia in patients with plantar fasciitis: a systematic review

Plantar fasciitis (PFS) is one of the most common causes of heel pain, estimated to affect 10% of the general population during their lifetime. Ultrasound (US) imaging technique is increasingly being used to assess plantar fascia (PF) thickness, monitor the effect of different interventions and guide therapeutic interventions in patients with PFS. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review previously published studies concerning the application of US in the assessment of PF in patients with PFS. A literature search was performed for the period 2000-2012 using the Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Springer databases. The key words used were: ultrasound, sonography, imaging techniques, ultrasonography, interventional ultrasonography, plantar fascia and plantar fasciitis. The literature search yielded 34 relevant studies. Sixteen studies evaluated the effect of different interventions on PF thickness in patients with PFS using US; 12 studies compared PF thickness between patients with and without PFS using US; 6 studies investigated the application of US as a guide for therapeutic intervention in patients with PFS. There were variations among studies in terms of methodology used. The results indicated that US can be considered a reliable imaging technique for assessing PF thickness, monitoring the effect of different interventions and guiding therapeutic interventions in patients with PFS.N/

The influence of thermoplastic thoraco lumbo sacral orthoses on standing balance in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis

Background: Idiopathic scoliosis patients have postural equilibrium problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess postural control in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis following a 4-month intervention in an unbraced position. Study design: Quasi-experimental. Methods: Eight healthy girls and eight girls with idiopathic scoliosis took part. A Kistler force platform was used with a frequency of 100 Hz for recording data. The center of pressure was recorded in different positions out of brace for scoliosis and healthy subjects. Test conditions were single limb and double limb stance, with eyes open and closed, and foam and rigid surfaces. Results: The data reflected a weak balance of idiopathic scoliosis subjects compared to healthy subjects. After 1 and 4 months of wearing the brace, center of pressure and center of gravity sway increased in the majority of the tests, although there were no significant differences in any of the test conditions (p > 0.05). While the center of pressure sway in medio-lateral direction decreased after 4 months of wearing a brace, in other variables center of pressure and center of gravity sway increased. Conclusion: Idiopathic scoliosis patients have weak balance in comparison to healthy subjects. In addition, following a period of 4 months of wearing a brace, balance parameters in the scoliosis subjects did not improve. The results show that we need more follow-up of orthoses wearing in idiopathic scoliosis subjects and suggest more studies at least 1-year follow-up to identify the efficiency of brace wear on balance. Clinical relevance Scoliosis can alter postural stability and balance performance during quiet standing. Spinal deformity can alter a subject’s ability to compensate for postural changes and cause gait deviations. This study investigated balance differences between the healthy and idiopathic scoliosis patients and the results of thoraco lumbo sacral orthosis brace wear. It might provide some new insight into the conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis patients for clinicians and researchers