THE ROLE OF CONSULTATION IN THE REFORM OF ROMANIAN PENITENTIARY SYSTEM

This article analyses the consultation process and its role in reforming the Romanian penitentiary system. Nowaday, the consultation process is considered an area where innovation and new approaches are most in evidence, involving new groups often ignored. The benefits of consultation are increasingly acknowledged, because it allows the involvement of many stakeholders. In the second part of the paper we analyzed the public consultation practice in Romania, emphasising the necessity of improving the consultation process and the social dialogue by creating a mechanism and developing practices that involve people interested in the consultation process. At the end of the article we have shown the key role of consultation in identifying the penitentiary system issues by means of a questionnaire distributed to the employees and prisoners of the National Penitentiary Agency. At the end, the issues identified allowed us to show the main reform directions in the Romanian penitentiary system.consultation process, decisional transparency, respect for fundamental rights of the individual

PREPARING A DRAFT STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRISON SYSTEM IN ROMANIA

This project propose a strategy focused on the realization of some measurable, well definited objectives, and on a series of strategically options, supported by actions with clear dead-lines and with direct implications on the entire system of Romanian pemanagement of penitentiaries, development strategy, strategic objectives, risks analyse

Forensic and clinical diagnosis in shaken baby syndrome , between child abuse and iatrogenic abuse

“Shaken baby syndrome” in child abuse cases is a challenge for pediatrician and forensic experts, often a diagnosis of exclusion, with overwhelming moral and legal implications. Diagnosis is based on: subdural bleeding, rupture of retinal vessels, traumatic diffuse axonal injury with diffuse brain encephalopathy in the absence of external traumatic injuries and anamnesis data of an accidentally head injury. Microscopic findings in diffuse axonal injuries were initially considered as a specific traumatic effect due to unrestricted movement and accelerated rotation of the head. Immunohistochemistry of beta amyloid protein precursor is gold standard method for identifying pathological diffuse axonal lesions, which is however non-specific in brain trauma. In the diagnosis of this syndrome pediatricians and forensic examiners must take into account the particularities of each case, avoiding scientific speculation, to intuit controversies and always be familiar with the differential diagnosis

PREPARING A DRAFT STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRISON SYSTEM IN ROMANIA

This project propose a strategy focused on the realization of some measurable, well definited objectives, and on a series of strategically options, supported by actions with clear dead-lines and with direct implications on the entire system of Romanian p

The role of reactive astrocitose in the chronological evolution of traumatic brain injury

Introduction and objectives. This study aims to investigate whether the cerebral modifications of posttraumatic reactive astrocitose can be considered an objective criterion for determining the age of traumatic cranio-cerebral lesions. Materials and methods. The present study consists of a series of 23 medico-legal cases that underwent autopsy inTeleormanCounty(Romania) Department of Forensic Medicine during 2007–2016, with full immune-histochemical microscopic examination using GFAP staining. The study consists of two groups, a series of 13 cases with cranio-cerebral trauma with different posttraumatic survival periods and 9 cases as a control group. Results and discussions. We discovered GFAP+ reactive astrocytes even when death occurred immediately after the trauma event and up to 4 months after the traumatic incident. We also discovered an intense positive correlation between the density of the GFAP+ cell from the perilesional area and the posttraumatic survival period. The highest cerebral density of the GFAP+ astrocytes occurred with acute death prior (1 to 24 hours) and the lowest in the chronic period (over 2 weeks). Conclusions. The gradual and differentiated appearance of the reactive astrocytes in close relation with the cerebral posttraumatic interval, with specific lesional and perilesional distribution as well as in surrounding area, clearly demonstrates that the state of the reactive astrocitose may constitute an objective index for evaluation of the elapsed time after the posttraumatic event

Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis

Background: As a major crossroads between Asia and Europe, Romania has experienced continuous migration and invasion episodes. The precise routes may have been shaped by the topology of the territory and had diverse impacts on the genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in historical Romanian provinces. We studied 714 Romanians from all historical provinces, Wallachia, Dobrudja, Moldavia, and Transylvania, by analyzing the mtDNA control region and coding markers to encompass the complete landscape of mtDNA haplogroups. Results: We observed a homogenous distribution of the majority of haplogroups among the Romanian provinces and a clear association with the European populations. A principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis supported the genetic similarity of the Wallachia, Moldavia, and Dobrudja groups with the Balkans, while the Transylvania population was closely related to Central European groups. These findings could be explained by the topology of the Romanian territory, where the Carpathian Arch played an important role in migration patterns. Signals of Asian maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through East Asia and Europe. Conclusions: Our current findings based on the mtDNA analysis of populations in historical provinces of Romania suggest similarity between populations in Transylvania and Central Europe, supported both by the observed clines in haplogroup frequencies for several European and Asian maternal lineages and MDS analyses.This work was supported by grants two grants of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project numbers PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0527 and PN-II-ID-PCCE 2011-2-0013; and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (GCL2016-79093/P, Basque Government to Research Groups (IT1138-16) and University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU (UFI 11/09). The funders had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or in the writing of the report or decision to submit the article for publication