1968: o curto ano de todos os desejos

As in a role play, this articles presents the actors who took part in the play in 1968 and their aims, ambitions, ilusions and limits as well. First of all, there is a polemic interpretation of the militar and dictatorial process in this country, in which is highlighted the necessity of a study of its conexions to the Brazilian society. This is a contrary study if compared to the contemporary trend which insist on showing its isolation as if it had only existed due to the political repression. Next, it is discussed the authonomy between the studant’s movement and the revolutionary organizations who made use of weapons. Finally, some critical references are shown in order to provide information for a study of the left parties in Brazil. This text supports the idea that not only was short the year of 1968 but it is also finished, even though it was fullfilled with desire.Como numa peça de teatro, o artigo apresenta os atores que estiveram em cena no ano de 1968, com suas propostas, ambições, ilusões e limites. Há, em primeiro lugar, uma interpretação polêmica do processo da ditadura militar no país, destacando-se a necessidade do estudo de seus nexos e laços com a sociedade brasileira, ao contrário das tendências correntes que insistem em mostrar seu isolamento, como se tivesse existido apenas graças à repressão. Em segundo lugar, discute-se a autonomia entre o movimento estudantil e as organizações revolucionárias que recorreram às ações armadas. Finalmente, em terceiro lugar, são apresentadas algumas referências críticas para o estudo da trajetória das esquerdas no Brasil. O texto sustenta que o ano de 1968, embora pleno de desejos, não só terminou, como foi curto

Motivación de logro y estrategias de aprendizaje en postulantes, académicos y egresados de medicina latinoamericanos

Objetivos: Comparar la motivación de logro y las estrategias de aprendizaje entre postulantes, académicos y egresados de Medicina latinoamericanos mediante instrumentos validados y correlacionar la motivación y las estrategias de aprendizaje más utilizadas por la muestra. Metodología: Estudio correlacional, comparativo, observacional y transversal (7) (8) con 459 individuos elegidos aleatoriamente entre estudiantes universitarios, postulantes a Medicina y egresados, que contestaran, en línea, durante el mes de abril de 2022, los siguientes instrumentos: Escala Atribucional de Motivación de Logro (EAML) y la Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje (ACRA). Resultados: Para el análisis comparativo el factor motivador más frecuente fue el “interés y esfuerzo”, seguido de “tarea y capacidad” y menos frecuente, pero significativo, la interacción con el profesor. El grupo de egresados obtuvo menor nivel de motivación en comparación a los postulantes. Las estrategias de aprendizaje más utilizadas (> 75% de las veces) como sacar dudas del tema estudiado con amigos y profesores, utilizar nemotécnicas para memorización y hacer mapas conceptuales. Cuanto al análisis correlacional las estrategias de aprendizaje se correlacionaran con mayor probabilidad a factores intrínsecos sobre factores extrínsecos, aunque discretamente y para las demás estrategias la correlación fue igual para todas las variables de la motivación, alrededor de 3%. Conclusión: Se concluye el factor “interés y esfuerzo” fue el principal factor motivador (p valor < 0,01) en comparación a las demás dimensiones del instrumento EAML. Además, hubo preferencia por estrategias de aprendizaje pasivas en comparación a técnicas activas por parte de los académicos. Finalmente, las estrategias de aprendizaje ACRA 26 y 36 se correlacionaran con mayor probabilidad, aunque discretamente, a factores intrínsecos sobre factores extrínsecos y para las demás estrategias la correlación fue igual para todas las variables de la motivación.LIMAEscuela Profesional de MedicinaEducación médic

Increased fibroblast telomerase expression precedes myofibroblast &#945;-smooth muscle actin expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify the relationship between fibroblast telomerase expression, myofibroblasts, and telomerase-mediated regulatory signals in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Thirty-four surgical lung biopsies, which had been obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and histologically classified as usual interstitial pneumonia, were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate fibroblast telomerase expression, myofibroblast &#945;-smooth muscle actin expression and the tissue expression of inter leu kin-4, transforming growth factor-&#946;, and basic fibroblast growth factor. The point-counting technique was used to quantify the expression of these markers in unaffected, collapsed, mural fibrosis, and honeycombing areas. The results were correlated to patient survival. RESULTS: Fibroblast telomerase expression and basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression were higher in collapsed areas, whereas myofibroblast expression and interleukine-4 tissue expression were higher in areas of mural fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-&#946; expression was higher in collapsed, mural fibrosis and honeycombing areas in comparison to unaffected areas. Positive correlations were found between basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression and fibroblast telomerase expression and between interleukin-4 tissue expression and myofibroblast &#945;-smooth muscle actin expression. Negative correlations were observed between interleukin-4 expression and basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression in areas of mural fibrosis. Myofibroblast &#945;-smooth muscle actin expression and interleukin-4 tissue expression in areas of mural fibrosis were negatively associated with patient survival. CONCLUSION: Fibroblast telomerase expression is higher in areas of early remodeling in lung tissues demonstrating typical interstitial pneumonia, whereas myofibroblast &#945;-smooth muscle actin expression predominates in areas of late remodeling. These events seem to be regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-4 tissue expression, respectively

Increased fibroblast telomerase expression precedes myofibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify the relationship between fibroblast telomerase expression, myofibroblasts, and telomerase-mediated regulatory signals in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Thirty-four surgical lung biopsies, which had been obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and histologically classified as usual interstitial pneumonia, were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate fibroblast telomerase expression, myofibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and the tissue expression of interleukin-4, transforming growth factor-beta, and basic fibroblast growth factor. The point-counting technique was used to quantify the expression of these markers in unaffected, collapsed, mural fibrosis, and honeycombing areas. The results were correlated to patient survival. RESULTS: Fibroblast telomerase expression and basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression were higher in collapsed areas, whereas myofibroblast expression and interleukine-4 tissue expression were higher in areas of mural fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta expression was higher in collapsed, mural fibrosis and honeycombing areas in comparison to unaffected areas. Positive correlations were found between basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression and fibroblast telomerase expression and between interleukin-4 tissue expression and myofibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Negative correlations were observed between interleukin-4 expression and basic fibroblast growth factor tissue expression in areas of mural fibrosis. Myofibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and interleukin-4 tissue expression in areas of mural fibrosis were negatively associated with patient survival. CONCLUSION: Fibroblast telomerase expression is higher in areas of early remodeling in lung tissues demonstrating typical interstitial pneumonia, whereas myofibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression predominates in areas of late remodeling. These events seem to be regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-4 tissue expression, respectively

Canine leptospirosis in asymptomatic populations from the Southwest Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa que pode acometer os animais e o homem. Nos países tropicais e em desenvolvimento ocorrem 70% dos casos humanos, com mortalidade variando entre 10 a 70%. Os cães podem se tornar portadores assintomáticos por um longo período, podendo transmitir a Leptospira para humanos. Devido ao intenso convívio com o ser humano, os cães podem servir como sentinelas da contaminação ambiental. Esse trabalho investigou a frequência de ocorrência da leptospirose canina em populações assintomáticas da região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Para isso foram examinadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT), amostras de sangue provenientes de 572 cães assintomáticos dos municípios de Apiaí, Cananeia, Itapeva e Itu por amostragem de conveniência, oriundos de campanhas de castração. Em Apiaí, foram encontrados 40,5% dos animais reagentes para Leptospira spp.; em Itapeva, 42,6%; em Cananeia, 7,7% e em Itu, 5,1%. Os dados encontrados demonstram que, pelo menos, um animal dos municípios de Itapeva, Apiaí e Cananeia apresentaram título igual ou maior que 800, indicando a circulação da bactéria nessas localidades e que a equipe envolvida nas campanhas de castração precisam ser alertadas sobre o correto uso de equipamento de proteção individual, principalmente no esvaziamento mecânico da bexiga antes do procedimento cirúrgico. O estudo também sugere que as campanhas de castração podem ser estratégicas no monitoramento de doenças zoonóticas e poderiam auxiliar no estabelecimento de ações preventivas para a saúde humana e animal.Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that can affect animals and humans. Distributed worldwide, the disease is more prevalent in tropical regions due to socioenvironmental characteristics. Dogs can serve as sentinels for environmental contamination due to their frequent contact with humans. This study investigated the frequency of occurrence of canine leptospirosis in asymptomatic populations from the Southwest Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thus, blood samples collected from 572 asymptomatic dogs from the cities of Apiaí, Cananeia, Itapeva, and Itu were tested with a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A total of 40.5% of animals in Apiaí reacted to Leptospira spp., 42.6% in Itapeva, 7.1% in Cananeia, and 5.1% in Itu. The data from the present study demonstrate that at least one animal from the municipalities of Itapeva, Apiaí, and Cananeia had a titer equal to or higher than 800, indicating that Leptospira is circulating in these municipalities and that the teams working on castration campaigns need to be educated on the correct use of personal protective equipment, especially when mechanically emptying the bladder of these animals. This study also suggests that castration campaigns can strategically monitor zoonotic diseases and assist in establishing preventive strategies for human and animal health

Adding value to mine waste through recovery Au, Sb, and As: the case of auriferous tailings in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil

From the colonial era to modern times, gold mining has played a crucial role in shaping Brazil’s economy, culture, and landscape, particularly in the Iron Quadrangle region. Therefore, resulting waste has accumulated in tailings structures, either from deactivated circuits or plants still in production. The present study reveals the potential assessed based on a set of metallurgical tests, assuming specific scenarios depending on the occurrence modes of interesting economic elements. For Au, calcination, leaching, and flotation are promising techniques to recover this element. Tests indicated that toxic elements such as Sb and As could be effectively reused in the form of glass. The generation of other products from dry cleaning techniques was not effective but promising since there was an enrichment of elements with Au, Fe, Al, and K in specific fractions.This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência and Tecnologia (FCT) through projects UIDB/04683/2020, UIDP/04683/2020, and Nano-MINENV 029259 (PTDC/CTA-AMB/29259/2017)

MHARS: A mobile system for human activity recognition and inference of health situations in ambient assisted living

This paper presents MHARS (Mobile Human Activity Recognition System), a mobile system designed to monitor patients in the context of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), which allows the recognition of the activities performed by the user as well as the detection of the activities intensity in real time. MHARS was designed to be able to gather data from different sensors, to recognize the activities and measure their intensity in different user mobility scenarios. The system allows the inference of situations regarding the health status of the patient and provides support for executing actions, reacting to events that deserve attention from the patient’s caregivers and family members. Experiments demonstrate that MHARS presents good accuracy and has an affordable consumption of mobile resources.Keywords: Ambient Assisted Living, Human Activity Recognition, situation inference, mobile computing

Eccentric strength assessment of hamstring muscles with new technologies: a systematic review of current methods and clinical implications

Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes

Aumento na expressão de telomerase por fibroblastos ocorre precocemente à expressão de alfa-actina de músculo liso por miofibroblastos no processo de remodelamento da pneumonia intersticial usual

Objective: To identify potential markers associated with fibroblast telomerase and interstitial myfibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-AMS) expression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual intersticial pneumonia (IPF/UIP). Methods: Pulmonary specimens included 34 surgical lung biopsies, histologically classified as UIP, from patients clinically diagnosed with IPF. Fibroblast telomerase expression, interstitial myofibroblast α-AMS expression and IL-4 (interleukin 4), TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) tissue expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantified in collapsed (COL), mural fibrosis (MF) and honeycombing areas (HC). Results: Telomerase expression was significantly higher in COL areas than in MF and HC areas. The same was observed for b-FGF. Interleukin-4 and α-AMS expression were significantly higher in MF areas. TGF-β expression ws higher in COL and HC areas. We observed a positive correlation between telomerase and bFGF expression in COL, MF and HC areas. The same was noted for α-AMS and IL-4. In MF areas, a negative correlation between IL-4 and b-FGF was obtained and TGF-β tended to positively correlate with α-AMS. In multivariate analysis, IL-4 tissue and α-AMS myofibroblast expression in MF areas were independently predictive of mortality in a statistically significant model including age, tobacco use and FVC (full vital capacity). Patients with IL-4 expression lower than 13.5% in MF areas had better survival. The same was noted for α-AMS expression lower than 8.5%. Conclusion: Fibroblast multiplicative capacity, characterized by telomerase expression and associated with bFGF tissue expression, seems to predominate in the early remodeling process of IPF/UIP, whereas myofibroblast differentiation, characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and associated with IL-4 tissue expression, seems to lead to the later fibrotic response. Patient survival seems to be influenced by the intensity of this processObjetivo: Identificar potenciais marcadores associados à expressão de telomerase em fibroblastos e de α-actina de músculo liso (α-AMS) em miofibroblastos de pulmões de pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática/pneumonia intersticial usual (FPI/PIU). Métodos: Utilizamos cortes histológicos de 34 biópsias cirúrgicas de pulmão de pacientes com FPI, caracterizados, à histopatologia, pelo padrão de PIU. As expressões de telomerase por fibroblastos, de α-AMS por miofibroblastos e tecidual de interleucina-4 (IL-4), de fator de crescimento transformador-β (TGF- β) e de fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básico (bFGF) foram avaliados por imunohistoquímica e quantificadas pela técnica de contagem de pontos nas áreas pulmonares de colapso (COL), de fibrose mural (FM) e de faveolamento (FV). Resultados: A expressão de telomerase foi significativamente maior nas áreas de COL que nas áreas de FM e FV. O mesmo foi observado para a expressão de bFGF. Interleucina-4 e α-AMS tiveram expressão significativamente maior nas áreas de FM. A expressão de TGF-β foi maior nas áreas de COL e FV. Observamos uma associação positiva entre expressão de telomerase e bFGF nas áreas COL, FM e FV. O mesmo ocorreu com a expressão de α-AMS e IL-4. Nas áreas de FM, houve uma correlação negativa entre IL-4 e bFGF, e TGF-β apresentou tendência a associação positiva com α-AMS. Análise multivariada revelou que a expressão de IL-4 e α-AMS nas áreas de FM são indicadores independentes de menor sobrevida em modelo estatístico significante incluindo idade, tabagismoe FVC (capacidade vital forçada). Pacientes com expressão de IL-4 menor que 13,5% nas áreas de FM apresentaram melhor sobrevida. O mesmo foi observado para expressão de α-AMS menor que 8,5%. Conclusão: Fibroblastos, com capacidade multiplicativa caracterizada pela expressão de telomerase e de bFGF tecidual, tendem a predominar no estágio precoce de remodelamento da FPI/PIU; enquanto a diferenciação de miofibroblastos, caracterizada pela expressão de α-AMS e IL-4, parece ser responsável pelo estágio tardio da resposta fibrótica. A sobrevida dos pacientes parece ser influenciada por tais processo