Violência e refinamento discursivo em A Grande Arte, de Rubem Fonseca

Rubem Fonseca é reconhecido, desde o lançamento de sua primeira publicação, pela representação da violência associada ao uso de uma linguagem sofisticada. Tal característica leva Alfredo Bosi a inseri-lo na corrente literária “brutalista”. Este artigo pretende verificar como é representada a brutalidade derivada dos desníveis sociais na sociedade brasileira em A grande arte, de 1983, segundo romance policial do autor. O escritor utiliza-se de aprimoradas técnicas narrativas para representar de maneira detalhada situações de violência explícita que envolvem o protagonista-narrador e outras personagens como o matador de aluguel. Com apoio em estudos sobre o romance policial, a narrativa brasileira e alguns problemas de técnica da narrativa, expomos a imbricação entre representação da violência, a crítica à desigualdade social e a composição própria do romance policial, construídas por um discurso requintado

Microarray gene expression analysis of neutrophils from elderly septic patients

Sepsis is an especially common affliction in the elderly and despite its increased prevalence and mortality in older people, the immune response of the elderly during septic shock appears similar to that of younger patients. In the original study we conducted a global gene expression analysis of circulating neutrophils from elderly and young septic patients, as well as from age-matched healthy controls, to better understand how elder individuals respond to severe infectious insult (Pellegrina et al., 2015). Here we provide additional details pertaining processing and statistical analysis of the microarray data. Raw and normalized datasets linked to this project have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession number GSE67652

Ecological study of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in soil: growth ability, conidia production and molecular detection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>ecology is not completely understood, although several pieces of evidence point to the soil as its most probable habitat. The present study aimed to investigate the fungal growth, conidia production and molecular pathogen detection in different soil conditions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Soils samples of clayey, sandy and medium textures were collected from ground surface and the interior of armadillo burrows in a hyperendemic area of Paracoccidioidomycosis. <it>P</it>. <it>brasiliensis </it>was inoculated in soil with controlled humidity and in culture medium containing soil extracts. The molecular detection was carried out by Nested PCR, using panfungal and species specific primers from the ITS-5.8S rDNA region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The soil texture does not affect fungus development and the growth is more abundant on/in soil saturated with water. Some soil samples inhibited the development of <it>P. brasiliensis</it>, especially those that contain high values of Exchangeable Aluminum (H+Al) in their composition. Some isolates produced a large number of conidia, mainly in soil-extract agar medium. The molecular detection was positive only in samples collected from armadillo burrows, both in sandy and clayey soil.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>P. brasiliensis </it>may grow and produce the infectious conidia in sandy and clayey soil, containing high water content, mainly in wild animal burrows, but without high values of H+Al.</p

New tendencies in non-surgical periodontal therapy

The aim of this review was to update the evidence of new approaches to non-surgical therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of periodontitis. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing the benefits of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, probiotics, prebiotics/synbiotics, statins, pro-resolving mediators, omega-6 and -3, ozone, and epigenetic therapy were scrutinized and discussed. Currently, the outcomes of these nine new approaches, when compared with subgingival debridement alone, did not demonstrate a significant added clinical benefit. However, some of these new alternative interventions may have the potential to improve the outcomes of NSPT alone. Future evidence based on randomized controlled clinical trials would help clinicians and patients in the selection of different adjunctive therapies

Surveillance Tech in Latin America: Made Abroad, Deployed at Home

Tools to identify, single out, and track us everywhere we go are inherently incompatible with our human rights and civil liberties. Unfortunately, many Latin American governments are eagerly purchasing this technology and ramping up the implementation of mass biometric surveillance — even as the movement to ban technology for biometric surveillance gains traction worldwide. Meanwhile, the companies supplying the tech are flying under the radar, selling surveillance technology that is deployed across Latin America without sufficient transparency or public scrutiny. Our latest report, Surveillance Tech In Latin America: Made Abroad, Deployed At Home, exposes the companies behind these dangerous products and the government policies and practices that are undermining people's rights.As we highlight in the report, most of the biometric surveillance tech deployed in Latin America is acquired directly or indirectly from companies in Asia (Israel, China, and Japan), Europe (U.K. and France), and the U.S. They include AnyVision, Hikvision, Dahua, Cellebrite, Huawei, ZTE, NEC, IDEMIA, and VERINT, among others. These companies have a duty to respect human rights, yet their tools are often implicated in human rights violations perpetrated against civil society globally — journalists, activists, human rights defenders, lawyers, and members of targeted and oppressed groups. Latin America has a long history of persecuting dissidents and people in marginalized communities, and authorities continue to abuse public power. The COVID-19 pandemic has now given governments a new excuse to deploy dangerous surveillance tools in the name of public safety, even as they fail to protect human rights. The bottom line: the backroom deals pursued in countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador are exposing the public to unacceptable risk. Our report, a research collaboration with our partners at Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC), the Laboratório de Políticas Públicas e Internet (LAPIN), and LaLibre.net (Tecnologías Comunitarias), not only documents the agreements to procure dangerous technology, it also presents case studies to show how the technology is deployed. Finally, we offer recommendations for government, companies, and other stakeholders to increase transparency and prevent rights violations.

Efeito da irrigação de pastagens na rentabilidade de sistemas de produção de leite participantes do programa “Balde Cheio”

This research sought to analyze the effect of irrigation of grasslands on the profitability of dairy production by 20 demonstration units (UDs) that participate in the dairy improvement program called “Balde Cheio”. Understudy were the components that exerted the greatest influence on total and effective (cash flow) operating costs and the impact of each one on economic return. The data were processed using PASW 18.0 software and multiple linear regression incorporating the stepwise method to determine the relative effect of each component of production costs on the criteria liquid margin, profitability and investment yield. Pasture irrigation was found to affect the total cost of milk production and, thus, profitability and yield. The stratum of non-irrigating producers had the lowest total cost and effective operating costs. The liquid margins were positive, but the net margins were negative in both strata, thus, the dairy operation is not viable in the long run, due to decapitalization of the producers. The items of effective operating costs with most efforts on the dairy business (in decreasing order) were: in the non-irrigating stratum, feed, sundry expenses and labor, and in the irrigating stratum, feed, labor and energy. In both strata, the most influential components of total cost followed in order: feed, family labor and remuneration of capital invested.Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da irrigaçãode pastagens na rentabilidade de 20 unidades demonstrativas (UD) participantes do programa “Balde Cheio”, no estado do RJ, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011. Pretendeu-se, ainda, identificar os componentes que exerceram maior influência sobre os custos total e operacional efetivo e o impacto de cada um deles na receita.Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software PASW 18.0. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear múltipla com o método stepwise, para identificar os componentes do custo de produção que mais influenciaram na margem líquida, na lucratividade e na rentabilidade.A irrigação das pastagens influenciou o custo total de produção do leite e, portanto, a lucratividade e rentabilidade. O estrato dos produtores que não irrigam apresentou os menores custos totais e menores custos operacionais efetivos unitários. Por apresentar margem líquida positiva e resultado negativo, nos dois estratos, a atividade leiteira nãoteve condições de produzir no longo prazo, com descapitalização, dos pecuaristas. Os itens componentes do custo operacional efetivo que exerceram maiores representatividades sobre os custos da atividade leiteira, no estrato dos produtores que não irrigam, em ordem decrescente, foram a alimentação, despesas diversas e mão de obra. No estrato daqueles produtores que utilizavam a irrigação, foram a alimentação, mão de obra e energia. Nos dois estratos, os itens componentes do custo total que exerceram maiores representatividades sobre os custos da atividade leiteira, em ordem decrescente, foram a alimentação, mão de obra familiar e remuneração do capital investido

Effect of technical and management indexes on profitability of dairy production with different types of labour

The effect of some technical and management indexes on economic efficiency was studied in 20 demonstration units (UD), with different types of labour, participants in the «Balde Cheio» program, in Rio de Janeiro State from January to December 2011. The analysis was based on gross margin, liquid margin, net result (profit or loss), rentability and profitability. Data analysis made use of SPSS 18.0 software. Multiple linear regression incorporating the stepwise method was used to identify the technical and management indexes most influential in profitability and rentability. The indexes cows were found to differ among the types of labour and influenced the economic efficiency. The family labour stratum gave the highest percentages of lactating cows/all cows, cows/all animals in the herd, lactating cows/all animals, greatest daily productivity per animal and per hectare-year, but this was not enough to obtain profit. The mixed labour stratum resulted in the highest number of lactating cows/ha and the lowest total labour input, and although it showed a positive net margin, the net result was negative. The contracted labour stratum yielded the best ratios of herd animals to labour and milk production, in addition to being the only one to achieve both positive liquid margin and positive net result

Canine leptospirosis in asymptomatic populations from the Southwest Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa que pode acometer os animais e o homem. Nos países tropicais e em desenvolvimento ocorrem 70% dos casos humanos, com mortalidade variando entre 10 a 70%. Os cães podem se tornar portadores assintomáticos por um longo período, podendo transmitir a Leptospira para humanos. Devido ao intenso convívio com o ser humano, os cães podem servir como sentinelas da contaminação ambiental. Esse trabalho investigou a frequência de ocorrência da leptospirose canina em populações assintomáticas da região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Para isso foram examinadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT), amostras de sangue provenientes de 572 cães assintomáticos dos municípios de Apiaí, Cananeia, Itapeva e Itu por amostragem de conveniência, oriundos de campanhas de castração. Em Apiaí, foram encontrados 40,5% dos animais reagentes para Leptospira spp.; em Itapeva, 42,6%; em Cananeia, 7,7% e em Itu, 5,1%. Os dados encontrados demonstram que, pelo menos, um animal dos municípios de Itapeva, Apiaí e Cananeia apresentaram título igual ou maior que 800, indicando a circulação da bactéria nessas localidades e que a equipe envolvida nas campanhas de castração precisam ser alertadas sobre o correto uso de equipamento de proteção individual, principalmente no esvaziamento mecânico da bexiga antes do procedimento cirúrgico. O estudo também sugere que as campanhas de castração podem ser estratégicas no monitoramento de doenças zoonóticas e poderiam auxiliar no estabelecimento de ações preventivas para a saúde humana e animal.Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that can affect animals and humans. Distributed worldwide, the disease is more prevalent in tropical regions due to socioenvironmental characteristics. Dogs can serve as sentinels for environmental contamination due to their frequent contact with humans. This study investigated the frequency of occurrence of canine leptospirosis in asymptomatic populations from the Southwest Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thus, blood samples collected from 572 asymptomatic dogs from the cities of Apiaí, Cananeia, Itapeva, and Itu were tested with a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A total of 40.5% of animals in Apiaí reacted to Leptospira spp., 42.6% in Itapeva, 7.1% in Cananeia, and 5.1% in Itu. The data from the present study demonstrate that at least one animal from the municipalities of Itapeva, Apiaí, and Cananeia had a titer equal to or higher than 800, indicating that Leptospira is circulating in these municipalities and that the teams working on castration campaigns need to be educated on the correct use of personal protective equipment, especially when mechanically emptying the bladder of these animals. This study also suggests that castration campaigns can strategically monitor zoonotic diseases and assist in establishing preventive strategies for human and animal health

Preditores de anormalidades do sistema de conduçao cardíaco e necessidade de marcapasso definitivo após implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - TAVI)

O implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica (do inglês Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - TAVI) vem ganhando espaço e configura-se como opçao terapêutica para pacientes com estenose aórtica grave sintomática e risco cirúrgico elevado ou proibitivo. Apesar da menor manipulaçao e da menor agressividade comparativamente à abordagem cirúrgica tradicional, a incidência de bloqueio atrioventricular avançado é expressiva e resulta em aproximadamente 30% de implantes de marcapasso cardíaco definitivo. A identificaçao de fatores clínicos, eletrocardiográficos, anatômicos e relacionados ao tipo de prótese ou à técnica de liberaçao do dispositivo é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e materiais, visando a reduzir a taxa de bloqueio atrioventricular avançado após o procedimento de TAVI. Os preditores mais relevantes analisados foram: bloqueio de ramo direito prévio, tipo de prótese (autoexpansível vs. balao expansível), profundidade do implante sobre a via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo, expansao excessiva da prótese, bloqueio atrioventricular total intraprocedimento, bloqueio atrioventricular de 1º grau ao eletrocardiograma de base e sexo masculino