The New Face of Chinese Industrial Policy: Making Sense of Anti-Dumping Cases in the Petrochemical and Steel Industries

Why have China's petrochemical and steel industries behaved so differently in seeking trade protection through antidumping measures? We argue that the patterning of antidumping actions is best explained in terms of the political economy of economic restructuring in pillar industries and its effect on industry structures. In the petrochemical industry, the shift toward greater horizontal consolidation and vertical integration reduces the collective action problems associated with antidumping petitions among upstream companies. It also weakens downstream companies lobbying in favor of the general protection of highly integrated conglomerates. In the steel industry, by contrast, national industrial policy in the absence of exogenous economic shocks fails to weaken local state interests sufficiently. Fragmented upstream and downstream channels instead persist, with strong odds against upstream suppliers waging a successful defense of material interests.

Analysis of Wind Instruments on Orofacial Anatomy: A Review of Literature

The focus of this review of literature is on orofacial anatomy and their association with the longevity of wind instrument use. The importance of how playing wind instruments creates a disadvantage for the oral cavity and therapeutic approaches to decrease the adverse effects. Using the university’s library database and PubMed, the authors performed a thorough search on the literature of our topic. Specific key terms such as wind instrumentalists, oral health, orofacial anatomy, and therapy were used to conduct our search. The searched was limited to the English language and within five years of publications. The findings acknowledged pathologically infectious microorganisms can proliferate in the mouthpiece of wind instruments, leading to diseases. The major orofacial anatomy affected by consistent use of musical instruments include salivary glands, the temporomandibular joint, and the dentition. Excessive pressure was a key factor in inflammation and damage to the hard and soft orofacial tissues. Furthermore, the reviewed literature revealed embouchure is vital to understanding a musicians oral health necessities. Developments in dentistry have been able to establish treatment in many cases for prosthodontic care and treatment plans for others wind instrumentalists so they have a chance to continue their passion with comfort and health.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/denh_student/1007/thumbnail.jp

Induced Variational Method from Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and the Screened Coulomb Potential

The formalism of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics supplies a trial wave function to be used in the Variational Method. The screened Coulomb potential is analysed within this approach. Numerical and exact results for energy eigenvalues are compared.Comment: 7 pages, LATE

Initial Allocation Effects in Permit Markets with Bertrand Output Oligopoly

We analyse the efficiency effects of the initial permit allocation given to firms with market power in both permit and output market. We examine two models: a long- run model with endogenous technology and capacity choice, and a short-run model with fixed technology and capacity. In the long run, quantity pre-commitment with Bertrand competition can yield Cournot outcomes also under emissions trading. In the short run, Bertrand output competition reproduces the effects derived under Cournot competition, but displays higher pass-through profits. In a second-best setting of overallocation, a tighter emissions target tends to improve permit-market efficiency in the short run.Emissions trading, Initial permit allocation, Bertrand competition, EU ETS, Endogenous technology choice, Kreps and Scheinkman, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, L13, Q28, D43,

Nonlithographic epitaxial Sn_xGe_(1–x) dense nanowire arrays grown on Ge(001)

We have grown 1-µm-thick Sn_xGe_(1–x)/Ge(001) epitaxial films with 0 < x < 0.085 by molecular-beam epitaxy. These films evolve during growth into a dense array of Sn_xGe_(1–x) nanowires oriented along [001], as confirmed by composition contrast observed in scanning transmission electron microscopy in planar view. The Sn-rich regions in these films dominate optical absorption at low energy; phase-separated Sn_xGe_(1–x) alloys have a lower-energy band gap than homogeneous alloys with the same average Sn composition