Multiinstitutional European validation of the 2002 TNM staging system in conventional and papillary localized renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The current study validated the 2002 edition of the TNM staging system in a multicenter, multinational European series of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: The authors analyzed the clinical data of 2217 patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy for localized RCC in 7 urologic centers. RESULTS: In the current study, 1065 patients (48%) were classified as having pT1a disease, 771 (34.8%) were classified as having pT1b disease, and 381 (17.2%) were classified as having pT2 disease. Tumor histotype was conventional RCC in 1886 patients (85%), papillary in 182 (8.2%) patients, chromophobe in 64 (2.9%) patients, and unclassified in 85 (3.8%) patients. The mean follow-up time was 65.36 +/- 52.09 months. The 5 and 10-year disease-specific survival probabilities were 95.3% and 91.4% in patients with pT1a disease, 91.4% and 83.4% in patients with pT1b disease, and 81.6% and 75.2% in patients with pT2 disease (log-rank test P value = 0.0000). The disease-specific survival rates of patients with pT1a RCC were significantly higher than those recorded in patients with pT1b and pT2 RCC. Similarly, the disease-specific survival probabilities of patients with pT1b RCC were significantly better than those of patients with pT2 RCC. Analyzing the seven series individually, the 2002 TNM staging system provided appropriate stratification for only one series. The 2002 TNM staging system allowed significant stratification of the cancer-related outcomes in the subgroup of patients with conventional RCC but not in those with papillary carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the 2002 TNM staging system in the current multicenter series enabled the authors to demonstrate optimal stratification of patients with localized RCC. Stratifying by tumor histotype, the data coming from the whole group analysis were reconfirmed for clear cell RCC only

Comparison of predictive accuracy of four prognostic models for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy: a multicenter European study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to compare, in a large multicenter study, the discriminating accuracy of four prognostic models developed to predict the survival of patients undergoing nephrectomy for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: A total of 2404 records of patients from 6 European centers were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, prognostic scores were calculated according to four models: the Kattan model, the University of California at Los Angeles integrated staging system (UISS) model, the Yaycioglu model, and the Cindolo model. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Discriminating ability was assessed by the Harrell c-index for censored data. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and the secondary end points were cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: At last follow-up, 541 subjects had died of any causes, with a 5-year OS rate of 80%. The 5-year CSS and RFS rates were 85% and 78%, respectively. All models discriminated well (P < 0.0001). The c-indexes for OS were 0.706 for the Kattan nomogram, 0.683 for the UISS model, and 0.589 and 0.615 for the Yaycioglu and Cindolo models, respectively. The Kattan nomogram was found to improve discrimination substantially in the UISS intermediate-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: The current study appears to better define the general applicability of prognostic models for predicting survival in patients with nonmetastatic RCC treated with nephrectomy. The results suggest that postoperative models discriminate substantially better than preoperative ones. The Kattan model was consistently found to be the most accurate, although the UISS model was only slightly less well performing. The Kattan model can be useful in the UISS intermediate-risk patients

Risk of Cancer-specific Mortality following Recurrence After Radical Nephroureterectomy

PURPOSE: To describe the natural history and identify predictors of cancer-specific survival in patients who experience disease recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS: Of 2,494 UTUC patients treated with RNU without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 597 patients experienced disease recurrence. 148 patients (25%) received adjuvant chemotherapy before disease recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression model addressed time to cancer-specific mortality after disease recurrence. RESULTS: The median time from RNU to disease recurrence was 12 months (IQR 5–22). 491 of 597 (82%) patients died from UTUC and 8 patients (1.3%) died from other causes. The median time from disease recurrence to death of UTUC was 10 months. Actuarial cancer-specific survival estimate at 12 months after disease recurrence was 35%. On multivariable analysis that adjusted for the effects of standard clinico-pathologic characteristics, higher tumor stages (HR pT3 vs. pT0-T1: 1.66, p=0.001; HR pT4 vs. pT0-T1: 1.90, p=0.002), absence of lymph node dissection (HR 1.28, p=0.041), ureteral tumor location (HR 1.44, p<0.0005) and a shorter interval from surgery to disease recurrence (p<0.0005) were significantly associated with cancer-specific mortality. The adjusted 6, 12 and 24 months post-recurrence cancer-specific mortality was 73%, 60% and 57%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Approximately 80% of patients who experience disease recurrence after RNU die within two years post-recurrence. Patients with non-organ-confined stage, absence of lymph node dissection, ureteral tumor location and/or shorter time to disease recurrence died of their tumor faster than their counterparts. These factors should be considered in patient counseling and risk-stratification for salvage treatment decision-making