An HPSG approach to Welsh unbounded dependencies

Welsh is a language in which unbounded dependency constructions involve both gaps and resumptive pronouns (RPs). Gaps and RPs appear in disjoint sets of environments. Otherwise, however, they are quite similar. This suggests that they involve the same mechanism, and in HPSG that they involve the SLASH feature. It is possible to provide an analysis in which RPs are associated with the SLASH feature but are also the ordinary pronouns which they appear to be

Advanced coatings through pulsed magnetron sputtering

Pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS) has become established as the process of choice for the deposition of dielectric materials for many applications. The process is attractive because it offers stable arc free operating conditions during the deposition of, for example, functional films on architectural and automotive glass, or antireflective/antistatic coatings on displays. Recent studies have shown that pulsing the magnetron discharge also leads to hotter and more energetic plasmas in comparison with continuous dc discharges, with increased ion energy fluxes delivered to the substrate. As such, the PMS process offers benefits in the deposition of a wide range of materials. The present paper describes three examples where PMS has led to either significant enhancement in film properties or enhanced process flexibility: in low friction titanium nitride coatings, in Al doped zinc oxide transparent conductive oxide coatings sputtered directly from powder targets and in thin film photovoltaic devices based on copper (indium/gallium) diselenide. These examples demonstrate the versatility of PMS and open up new opportunities for the production of advanced coatings using this technique

Zero tolerance policing: new authoritarianism or new liberalism?

The notion of “zero tolerance” policing has been widely discussed in the media in recent years and has received considerable support from politicians right across the political spectrum both in the USA and the UK. Proponents of this apparently “get-tough” crime control style of policing have used widespread public enthusiasm for such initiatives to justify their implementation. Opponents observe this policing style to be invariably targeted at poor and excluded members of society and part of a growing tendency towards authoritarianism in social policy. This paper proposes that simply dismissing public support for zero tolerance-style policing strategies as being part of a reactionary backlash against social reformist developments in policing - and wider society in general - fails to address some very legitimate public concerns about law and order. Indeed, it is the central proposition that such policing initiatives should be seen in the context of an emerging new conceptualisation of liberalism that promotes the notion of citizen responsibility in equal measure to the traditional demand for rights. The paper examines the socio-political circumstances in which different variants of zero tolerance-style policing has been introduced in the USA and the UK and the very different attempts to sustain that approach in both constituencies

Organizing Knowledge in Implementation of Knowledge Management as Strategy for Competitive Bussiness at PT Telkom

This study is entitled Organizing Knowledge in Implementation of Knowledge Management. The research was conducted in bussines organization. The research objectives are to find out new concept in coverage of knowledge by knowledge management implementation at Telkom organizing explicit knowledge ; to analysis personal characteristic knowledge manager. This research use by qualitative methode with case study approach at Telkom Japati 1st street Bandung. Technique of gathering data uses observation, archived record, interview, documentation dan physical ware. From the results of studies that have been done, so the conclusion can be drawn as follows: Knowledge management which is done by making taxonomy based processes and business operations is called as knowledge centers that are stored on the intranet while competency-based stream called virtual competency center. Organizing knowledge in virtual storage by creating taxonomy of knowledge toward process and operating bussines, tree types of knowledge are:Structure knowledge: unstructure knowledge and less structure knowledge. For other media are managed by a special unit that is the library. The technology media support information and communications intended to improve information transfer and sharing of knowledge organization as a whole through cooperation and communication between individuals. Recomendation: It is better to make guidelines of writing articles on KM Tool, in order to avoid a flood of information that is not need. For example the text have been made by others. .It is better also to make the theme of writing, so that the contributors will more focus in creating the knowledge. Therefore, it will give deep exploration a theme. Form of virtual communication in KM should also explore the tacit knowledge. It is appropriate if the contributors are also allowed to create works that are audio-visual format. For example how to use technology in the 3.5 G DAT file format, or how to assemble the satellite Telkom2. Keyword: Business communication; Knowledge management; Organizational Communication; Organizing knowledge; Knowledge strorag

Computational aspects of multilevel trajectory optimization

This paper presents new computational results in multilevel trajectory optimization. The original formulation of trajectory decomposition is extended and applied to a difficult multiple arc trajectory example, the low thrust interplanetary swingby problem. A numerical solution is obtained for this trajectory which is characterized by nonlinear, time variant differential equations and interior boundaries and discontinuities. The time domain decomposition of the trajectory is made at the boundaries between arc segments. A three level optimization hierarchy is employed to transform the first feasible trajectory iterate into a final solution trajectory. This example is characteristic of a large class of interplanetary swingby problems which defy solution by conventional computational methods because of multiple discontinuities, constraints, and severe numerical sensitivities. The multilevel approach appears to be effective in obtaining a solution to problems of this type when other more conventional methods are unsatisfactory

An HPSG Approach to Negation in Libyan Arabic

Negation in Libyan Arabic, more precisely in the Arabic of Western Libya, including the Western mountains and the Tripoli area, involves a variety of complexities. It is marked on a number of different elements, it interacts in an important way with n-words and negative polarity items, and the copula has special present tense negative forms. In this paper we will set out the facts and then show how they can be accommodated within Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). The paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we look at negation on verbs and distinguish between a strong form and a weak form. In section 3, we consider negative forms of the copula, and in section 4, we look at other negative-marked words. Then, in section 5, we outline an analysis, providing relevant lexical descriptions, syntactic structures, and an account of weak negation. In section 6, we introduce a further restriction and show how it can be accounted for. Finally, in section 7, we summarize the paper

How good is Tiger Woods?

A major objective of professional sport is to find out which player or team is the best. Unfortunately the structure of some sports means that this is often a difficult question to answer. For example, there may be too many competitors to run a round-robin league, whilst knock-out tournaments do not compare every player with every other player. The problem gets worse when one has to compare players whose performance varies over time. Fortunately mathematical modelling can help and in this article, we use the Plackett-Luce model to estimate time-varying player strengths of golfers. We use the model to investigate how good golf's current biggest attraction, Tiger Woods, really is