Management of traditional retail markets in the United Kingdom: comparative case studies

The paper examines the current state of the management of traditional retail markets (TRM) in the United Kingdom. TRM are indoor and outdoor markets located in town and city centres across the UK, selling food, household goods, clothing and the like. The paper employs comparative analysis approach of multiple cases using an analytical framework draws from place management and retail business management literature. The study investigates eleven retail markets in the UK, including seven run by Local Councils, two privately run and two operated by Charity Trusts. The paper identifies the management challenges of TRM lie at the intersect between its private-like business entity and the management overseen by local authorities, whose roles and functions are mainly on delivering public services. Although some council markets struggle, it remains a popular model for TRM because it offers social space and inclusion which other types of markets lack. The study also highlights that the environment within which TRM operate, such as policy, infrastructure, business and entrepreneurial aspects play an important role in influencing the performance of the markets. The paper contributes to the retail literature conceptual and empirical understanding of TRM management – the area which has been mostly neglected and under-researched. It offers an integrated analytical framework, including four dimensions of policy, infrastructure, business and entrepreneurial environment (PIBE) to advance the current limited understanding of this traditional form of retailing and sheds light on future research in this area

Percepção de voz e qualidade de vida em idosos professores e não professores Voice perception and quality of life of elder teachers and non teachers

Este artigo tem como objetivos comparar os escores do protocolo de qualidade de vida e voz (QVV) de idosos professores (GP) e não professores (GNP) e verificar a relação entre os escores, a idade cronológica e a percepção da mudança vocal. Método: em 47 sujeitos, 23 GP e 24 GNP, acima de 65 anos, homens e mulheres, foram coletados dados sobre percepção de mudança vocal e aplicado o protocolo QVV. Resultados: não houve diferença significante entre os escores do QVV dos sujeitos GP e GNP, nem relação entre escores e percepção de mudança vocal. A idade cronológica apresentou correlação positiva (p=0,039) com escores do domínio físico para os GP. Para os sujeitos GP e GNP que perceberam a mudança vocal, houve diferença significante nas respostas às questões 2 (p=0,02), 4 (p=0,007), 5 (p=0,012) e 9 (p=0,002). Conclusão: Para ambos os grupos, o impacto das mudanças vocais foi maior no domínio físico do que no socioemocional do QVV. A autopercep��ão do envelhecimento vocal esteve relacionada à diferença quanto ao uso ou não da voz profissionalmente. Os professores, independentemente dessa percepção, têm maior problema em questões do domínio físico do QVV relacionadas à exigência profissional. Os não professores que perceberam o envelhecimento vocal apresentaram dificuldade em aspectos físicos e socioemocionais.<br>The aim of this article is to compare elder teachers (GP) and non-teachers' (GNP) scores from the voice related quality of life (VR-QOL) protocol and verify the relation between these scores, chronological age and voice change perception. Data from the vocal change perception was collected in 47 subjects, 23 GP and 24 GNP, over 65 years old, both sexes, and the VR-QOL protocol has been applied. There was no significant difference between the score of the two groups or between these scores and the voice change perception. There was a positive correlation (p=0,039) between chronological age and the VR-QOL physical domain scores for the GP. There was significant difference between the two groups of subjects that realized the vocal change, for the VR-QOL answers to questions 2 (p=0,02), 4 (p=0,007), 5 (p=0,012) and 9 (p=0,002). In both groups, the impact of the voice changes was higher in the VR-QOL physical than in the socio-emotional domain. The self perception of vocal aging was related to the professional or non-professional use of the voice. Teachers, apart from having this perception had more problems in the VR-QOL questions of the physical domain, related to the professional requests. Non-teachers that noticed the vocal aging had difficulties with the socio-emotional and physical aspects