Effect of resin infiltration and microabrasion on the microhardness, surface roughness and morphology of incipient carious lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of resin infiltration and microabrasion on incipient carious lesions by surface microhardness, roughness and morphological assessments, and resistance to further acid attack of treated lesions were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty artificially-induced incipient lesions were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16): resin infiltration with an adhesive resin (Excite F, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), resin infiltration with a resin infiltrant (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), microabrasion without polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), microabrasion with polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, Diamond Excel, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil), and distilled water (control group). All specimens were exposed to demineralization for another 10 d. Microhardness, roughness and morphological assessments were done at baseline, following initial demineralization, treatment and further demineralization. Data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman's and Bonferroni tests (p < .05). RESULTS: Enamel lesions treated with resin infiltrant and microabrasion demonstrated similar hardness values, with a nonsignificant difference compared with sound enamel. Resin infiltration demonstrated lower roughness values than those of microabrasion, and the values did not reach the values of sound enamel. Further demineralization for 10 d did not affect the hardness but increased the roughness of infiltrated and microabraded enamel surfaces. Polishing did not influence the roughness of microabraded enamel surfaces. After resin infiltration, porosities on enamel were sealed completely. The surface structure was similar to that of the enamel conditioning pattern for microabraded enamel lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the icon infiltration and microabrasion technique appeared to be effective for improving microhardness. Icon appeared to provide reduced roughness, although not equal to sound enamel. Further research is needed to elucidate their clinical relevance

Effect of fluorosis on dentine shear bond strength of a self-etching bonding system

WOS: 000186076000007PubMed ID: 14641674The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dental fluorosis on shear bond strength of a composite material to dentine. Forty human premolar teeth were classified according to the severity of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index and were divided into four groups (TFI scores of 0, 3, 4 and 5) of 10 teeth. Non-fluorosed teeth (TFI score of 0) served as the control group. A self-etching light-cured bonding system, Clearfil SE Bond, and a micro-hybrid light-cured composite, Clearfil AP-X were selected for the study. Buccal surfaces of mounted teeth were ground flat to expose the dentine. Composite cylinders, 4 mm diameter and 4 mm length, were bonded to the treated dentine surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured with an universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm min(-1). After failure, the fracture surfaces were examined under a stereo microscope. The mean bond strength was 24.37 +/- 3.54 MPa for non-fluorosed teeth and varied between 22.72 +/- 3.52 and 27.02 +/- 5.91 MPa for fluorosed teeth. The difference between the mean values for bond strength was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Adhesive mode of failure was most prevalent in non-fluorosed teeth. It can be concluded that fluorosis does not affect the shear bond strength of composite material to human dentine

Dental caries and fluorosis in low- and high-fluoride areas in Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence of children living in either low- or high-fluoride areas and to relate caries experience to the severity of dental fluorosis. Method and materials: A total of 278 12- to 14-year-old schoolchildren, 149 in a low-fluoride area (LFA) and 129 in a high-fluoride area (HFA), were included in the study. The naturally occurring fluoride concentrations in the drinking water were 0.30 to 0.40 ppm in the LFA, 1.42 to 1.54 ppm in the HFA1, and 1.55 to 1.66 ppm in the HFA2. Dental caries was recorded with the World Health Organization criteria, and dental fluorosis was measured using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. Results: The percentages of children who had an average TSIF greater than or equal to 1 were 0%, 29%, and 77% in the LFA, HFA1, and HFA2, respectively. The mean decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS) were 0.84 +/- 0.98 and 1.58 +/- 2.24 in LFA, 1.30 +/- 1.46 and 1.78 +/- 2.52 in HFA1, and 1.26 +/- 1.42 and 1.97 +/- 2.60 in HFA2, respectively. There was no significant difference in caries prevalence among children living in low- and high-fluoride areas when evaluated with an analysis of covariance model, including the frequency of toothbrushing. Toothbrushing frequency had a significant effect on the decayed teeth, decayed surfaces, DMFT, and DMFS. In high-fluoride areas, there was no relationship between caries prevalence and severity of fluorosis. Conclusion: Increasing water fluoride levels were associated with higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and had no influence on caries experience in children with poor oral hygiene

Dental caries and fluorosis in low- and high-fluoride areas in Turkey

WOS: 000183454700005PubMed ID: 12795354Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence of children living in either low- or high-fluoride areas and to relate caries experience to the severity of dental fluorosis. Method and materials: A total of 278 12- to 14-year-old schoolchildren, 149 in a low-fluoride area (LFA) and 129 in a high-fluoride area (HFA), were included in the study. The naturally occurring fluoride concentrations in the drinking water were 0.30 to 0.40 ppm in the LFA, 1.42 to 1.54 ppm in the HFA1, and 1.55 to 1.66 ppm in the HFA2. Dental caries was recorded with the World Health Organization criteria, and dental fluorosis was measured using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. Results: The percentages of children who had an average TSIF greater than or equal to 1 were 0%, 29%, and 77% in the LFA, HFA1, and HFA2, respectively. The mean decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent surfaces (DMFS) were 0.84 +/- 0.98 and 1.58 +/- 2.24 in LFA, 1.30 +/- 1.46 and 1.78 +/- 2.52 in HFA1, and 1.26 +/- 1.42 and 1.97 +/- 2.60 in HFA2, respectively. There was no significant difference in caries prevalence among children living in low- and high-fluoride areas when evaluated with an analysis of covariance model, including the frequency of toothbrushing. Toothbrushing frequency had a significant effect on the decayed teeth, decayed surfaces, DMFT, and DMFS. In high-fluoride areas, there was no relationship between caries prevalence and severity of fluorosis. Conclusion: Increasing water fluoride levels were associated with higher prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and had no influence on caries experience in children with poor oral hygiene

A randomized controlled clinical trial of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions at 1 year

OBJECTIVES: One-step self-etch adhesives are the most recent generation of adhesives introduced onto the market. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that a one-step self-etch adhesive performs equally well as a conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesive (gold standard). METHODS: Fifty-two patients had 267 non-carious cervical lesions restored with Gradia Direct Anterior (GC). These composite restorations were bonded either with the 'all-in-one' adhesive G-Bond (GC) or with the three-step etch&rinse adhesive Optibond FL (Kerr). The restorations were evaluated after 6 and 12 months clinical service regarding their retention, marginal integrity and discoloration, caries occurrence, preservation of tooth vitality and post-operative sensitivity. Retention loss, severe marginal defects and/or discoloration that needed intervention (repair or replacement) and the occurrence of caries were considered as clinical failures. A logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was used to account for the clustered data (multiple restorations per patient). RESULTS: The recall rate at 1 year was 98%. The statistical analysis revealed a relatively low patient factor, indicating that supplementary information could be obtained from the additional restorations placed per patient. The retention rate for G-Bond was 98.5% compared to 99.3% for Optibond FL, due to the retention loss of two and one restorations, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two adhesives regarding the evaluated parameters except for the presence of small enamel marginal defects with G-Bond. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 months, the simplified one-step G-Bond and the three-step Optibond FL were clinically equally successful, even though both adhesives were characterized by progressive degradation of marginal adaptation, and G-Bond exhibited more small enamel marginal defects.status: publishe

Longevity of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite restoring non-carious cervical lesions in a general dental practice

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Background: Long-term prospective survival studies of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) and polyacid-modified resin composites (compomers) placed in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are lacking from general dental practice. Short-term studies have shown an unsatisfactory clinical performance for several materials. Methods: One practitioner placed 87 compomer (Compoglass, Vivadent-Ivoclar) and 73 encapsulated RMGIC (Fuji II LC, GC Int.) restorations in NCCLs for 61 adults. Compoglass was placed using SCA primer and Fuji II LC using GC Dentin Conditioner. No cavity preparation was undertaken. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimating the cumulative survivals for those restorations that were replaced, with the probability level set at a=0.05 for statistical significance. Results: Restorations were judged unsatisfactory (by the practitioner and the subjects) because of surface and marginal loss of material (68.8 per cent), dislodgement (18.8 per cent) and discoloration (12.4 per cent), these modes being similar for both materials (P=0.35). Unsatisfactory restorations were replaced in 121 (75.6 per cent) instances. After periods of up to five years, cumulative survival estimates were 14.9 (5.8 Standard Error) per cent for Compoglass and zero per cent for Fuji II LC (P=0.74). Median survivals were 30 months for Compoglass and 42 months for Fuji II LC. Conclusion: Both materials had high long-term unsatisfactory performances when placed in non-prepared NCCLs in a general dental practice.RJ Smales and KKW N