High performance management practices in manufacturing and service-based SMEs. A comparative study

This study reports comparative analysis of high performance management practices (HPMP) in Pakistani SMEs by using data from 436 manufacturing and service-based organisations. The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant difference between manufacturing and service-based SMEs regarding the adoption of HPMP. Service-based SMEs have adopted more formal recruitment, selection, compensation, training, and performance appraisal practices in comparison to manufacturing SMEs. However, consultation practices were found to be associated more with manufacturing SMEs than service-based SMEs

INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE ON GERMINABILITY AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) VARIETIES

A field study was carried out at the experimental fields of Agronomy Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during Rabi, 2012-13, to investigate the influence of seed size on germ inability and grain yield of wheat varieties. The effect of two seed sizes (Small and Large) was examined against two commercial wheat varieties (Abadgar-93 and Mehran-89) in a three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design. The results revealed that the effect of seed size on seed germination (%), plant height (cm), number of tillers plant-1, spike length (cm), number of grains spike-1, seed index (1000 grains weight, g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) was significant (P<0.05), while non-significant (P>0.05) on biological yield (kg ha-1); while the effect of varieties was significant (P<0.05) on plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of grains spike-1, seed index (1000 grains weight, g), biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1) and non-significant (P>0.05) on seed germination (%) and number of tillers plant-1. However, the interactive effect of variety x seed size was significant (P<0.05) for seed index (1000 grains weight, g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) and non-significant (P>0.05) for seed germination (%), plant height (cm), number of tillers plant-1, spike length (cm), number of grains spike-1 and biological yield (kg ha-1). Wheat variety Mehran-89 showed superior agronomic performance over Abadgar-93 with 93.71 (%) germination, 96.75 (cm) plant height, 6.03 tillers plant-1, 11.07 (cm) spike length, 41.96 grains spike-1, 42.99 (g) seed index, 10434 kg ha-1 biological yield and 4956 (kg ha-1 ) grain yield. The crop sown with large size seeds showed remarkably better agronomic performance with 95.29 (%) germination, 96.61 (cm) plant height, 6.40 tillers plant-1, 11.44 (cm) spike length, 42.65 grains spike-1, 42.80 (g) seed index, 10241 (kg ha-1) biological yield and 4857.10 (kg ha-1) grain yield. It was concluded that sowing wheat with large size seeds was remarkably beneficial with most promising agronomic performance (4857.10 kg ha-1 grain yield) as compared to small size seeds (4400.70 kg ha-1 grain yield). The interactive effect of Mehran x large size seed surpassed rest of the interactions with maximum grain yield of 5260 (kg ha-1). Keywords: Wheat, Influence, Seed size, Germinablity and Grain yield.

THE INFLUENCE OF ARABIC AND PERSIAN LANGUAGES ON MULLA FAZIL'S POETRY

Mulla Fazil is considered to be one of the pioneer poets of the nineteenth century, whose poetry has many linguistic twists and turns.  Arabic and Persian vocabularies dominate his poetry to the extent that Balochi becomes a secondary language. By the way, it is not Fazil alone, Arabic and Persian left drastic imprints on the Balochi poetry composed during the era. These impacts have occurred at both academic and religious levels because most of the poets were studying at seminaries where Persian and Arabic were taught. The Arabic and Persian words and themes appear in a majority of his poems, at the same time, in each of his poems. Some stanzas are entirely in Arabic or Persian language. Most of the poets of the “Balochi Middle Age” were well versed in the Arabic and Persian languages. Consequently, a wide chunk of Arabic and Persian words entered Mulla Fazil's poetry, which has been demonstratively discussed in the following article

Fungal Species Detection in Onychomycosis by Culture and Direct Microscopy at Tertiary Care Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Background: Fungal nail infection is common clinically identified in OPD irrespective of age and gender in our population. The treatment is initiated that mostly resistant to overcome the problem. A mycological confirmation is valuable to eradicate the disease as usefulness of antifungal against particular fungi. The laboratory diagnosis like microscopy and culture to identify the species level.   Objective: This study was aimed as comparison of mycological culture with KOH mount microscopy of nail infections. Study Design:  comparative cross sectional study. Duration:1st July, 2018 to 31th July 2021 Setting: 360 clinically diagnosed cases collected from Dermatology OPD –removed for blind review— Method: The nail specimen was directly inoculated on SDA culture media and aerobically incubate at 25 Ć to 30 Ć for 3 to 4 weeks. The growth was identified on colony characteristics by using of cotton blue stains. Whereas nail is immersed in 20% KOH solution. Microscopic study was revealed the hyphae or spores and that considered as a positive for test. Result: out of three hundred sixty cases the culture positivity was 56.94% specimen while KOH mount were positive in 60.83% specimens and combination of Culture with KOH were 66.67%. Conclusion: Combination of fungal culture and KOH mount microscopy is subtle laboratory methods for eradication of onychomycosis precisely. The sensitivity of diagnosis that limit the complications and quality of public health considerably raised.   Key words: SDA (Sabouraud's dextrose agar), KOH (Potassium hydroxide). Mycological culture and Outpatient Department (OPD)

Fungal Species Detection in Onychomycosis by Culture and Direct Microscopy at Tertiary Care Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Background: Fungal nail infection is common clinically identified in OPD irrespective of age and gender in our population. The treatment is initiated that mostly resistant to overcome the problem. A mycological confirmation is valuable to eradicate the disease as usefulness of antifungal against particular fungi. The laboratory diagnosis like microscopy and culture to identify the species level.   Objective: This study was aimed as comparison of mycological culture with KOH mount microscopy of nail infections. Study Design:  comparative cross sectional study. Duration:1st July, 2018 to 31th July 2021 Setting: 360 clinically diagnosed cases collected from Dermatology OPD –removed for blind review— Method: The nail specimen was directly inoculated on SDA culture media and aerobically incubate at 25 Ć to 30 Ć for 3 to 4 weeks. The growth was identified on colony characteristics by using of cotton blue stains. Whereas nail is immersed in 20% KOH solution. Microscopic study was revealed the hyphae or spores and that considered as a positive for test. Result: out of three hundred sixty cases the culture positivity was 56.94% specimen while KOH mount were positive in 60.83% specimens and combination of Culture with KOH were 66.67%. Conclusion: Combination of fungal culture and KOH mount microscopy is subtle laboratory methods for eradication of onychomycosis precisely. The sensitivity of diagnosis that limit the complications and quality of public health considerably raised.   Key words: SDA (Sabouraud's dextrose agar), KOH (Potassium hydroxide). Mycological culture and Outpatient Department (OPD)

Mahkota on the Melaka traditional mosques: the study on a visual elements / Raziq Abdul Samat...[et.al]

Melaka had been recognized as a World Heritage City by UNESCO in 2008. Based on UNESCO's website, Melaka (along with George Town) . the historic city of Malaysia have developed over 500 years of trade and cultural exchanged between East and West in the Straits of Malacca .With its government buildings, churches, squares and fortifications, Melaka demonstrates the early stages of this history originating in the 15th century Malay sultanate and the Portuguese and Dutch periods beginning in the early 16th century. The two towns constitute a unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia. Based on previous history, it shows that the development and style of arts .culture and architecture are resulted assimilation of foreign countries such as Portuguese. Dutch and British. For an example , the Melaka traditional mosque, there are a lot of assimilation of Chinese. Sumatra n and Indians influence on the architecture itself. The mosque has its own unique identity compare to other mosques in Malaysia

Kinetic Analysis of Amyloid Protofibril Dissociation and Volumetric Properties of the Transition State

AbstractWe present here the first detailed kinetic analysis of the dissociation reaction of amyloid protofibrils by utilizing pressure as an accelerator of the reaction. The experiment is carried out on an excessively diluted typical protofibril solution formed from an intrinsically denatured disulfide-deficient variant of hen lysozyme with Trp fluorescence as the reporter in the pressure range 3–400MPa. From the analysis of the time-dependent fluorescence decay and the length distribution of the protofibrils measured on atomic force microscopy, we conclude that the protofibril grows or decays by attachment or detachment of a monomer at one end of the protofibril with a monomer dissociation rate independent of the length of the fibril. Furthermore, we find that the dissociation reaction is strongly dependent on pressure, characterized with a negative activation volume ΔVo‡=−50.5±1.60ml mol−1 at 0.1MPa and with a negative activation compressibility Δκ‡=−0.013±0.001ml mol−1 bar−1 or −0.9×10−6ml g−1 bar−1. These results indicate that the protofibril is a highly compressible high-volume state, but that it becomes less compressible and less voluminous in the transition state, most probably due to partial hydration of the existing voids. The system eventually reaches the lowest-volume state with full hydration of the monomer in the dissociated state

SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE ENTERPRISES IN PAKISTAN: DEFINITION AND CRITICAL ISSUES

SMEs play a vital role in the development of an economy. Thecontribution of Pakistani SMEs is less as compared to other countries, yet their significance cannot be denied. The SME sector is facing multifarious problems that made it difficult to contribute to the nation‘s GDP. This paper attempts to focus on the major constraints faced by the SMEs. The basic problem starts with no defined and standardized size for SMEs. The paper examines the definitions of SMEs given by different government organizations in Pakistan with some possible suggestion for one standard SME definition (in terms of size). This paper also highlights the critical issues of Pakistani SMEs such as financial, human, physical and technological. The paper concludes with some brief prospects by recommending a few implications for policy

Effects of knowledge management practices on innovation in SMEs

The management of knowledge assets is crucial for gaining competitive advantage and has a huge strategic importance for the firms. Knowledge management has become one of the emerging fields in today’s research world and has turned out to be a major concern for the organizations as it plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the organization. Knowledge management is a new concept that is why it is gaining increased attention among small and large organizations. In this study three important knowledge management practices are discussed and the necessary insights regarding knowledge management processes and their positive impacts within an organization are provided. The study also brings forth the relationships which knowledge management processes have with radical innovation in small and medium enterprises. The explanatory method of research and quantitative type of research to test the hypothesis of research was used to carry out the study and survey type was involved by using questionnaire. The knowledge management and innovation instruments were adapted from previous researchers. This study’s target population consisted of small and medium-sized enterprises that included service sectors in Quetta, Balochistan. A convenient sampling was applied to collect the necessary data from SMEs. A total of 850 firms were communicated and requested to participate in this survey but 300 (35.6% response rate) accepted to fill out the survey questionnaire. The study utilized structural equation modelling to examine numerous complex cause and effect relationships between variables. The results indicate a positive association between Knowledge management processes and radical innovation. The positive link between Knowledge management processes and innovation indicates the importance and value of knowledge management in achieving competitive advantage through innovation