39 research outputs found
Decomposition of fuzzy relations: An application to fuzzy preferences
In this article, working in the spirit of the classical Arrovian models in
the fuzzy setting and their possible extensions, we go deeper into the study of
some type of decompositions defined by t-norms and t-conorms. This allows us to
achieve characterizations of existence and uniqueness for such decompositions
and we provide rules to obtain them under some specific conditions. We conclude
by applying such results to the study of fuzzy preferences, a key concept in
Fuzzy Social Choice
Urinary tartaric acid as a potential biomarker for the dietary assessment of moderate wine consumption: a randomised controlled trial
The availability of biomarkers that allow the estimation of the intake of specific foods and dietary components, as an alternative or addition to self-reported dietary questionnaires, could greatly enhance the effectiveness of nutritional research. The aim of the present study was to assess tartaric acid, one of the major components of red and white wines, as a potential biomarker of wine consumption. A total of twenty-one healthy men participated in a randomised cross-over feeding trial. They consumed a single dose of 100, 200 or 300 ml wine at dinner. Before each intervention, the participants followed a 7 d washout period during which they avoided consuming wine or grape-based products. Morning urine was collected and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem MS. A strong significant correlation was found between wine intake and urinary tartaric acid (r s= 0·9220; P <0·001). Using a cut-off value of 8·84 μg/mg creatinine, tartaric acid allowed wine consumers to be differentiated from non-wine consumers. The results suggest that urinary tartaric acid may be a sensitive and specific dietary biomarker of wine consumption
Spanish Nuclear Safety Research under International Frameworks
The Nuclear Safety research requires a wide international collaboration of several
involved groups. In this sense this paper pretends to show several examples
of the Nuclear Safety research under international frameworks that is being performed in different Universities and Research Institutions like CIEMAT, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)
and Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV).Herranz. Luis Enrique; Raventós, F.; Ahnert, C.; Jiménez, G.; Queral, C.; Verdú Martín, GJ.; Miró Herrero, R.... (2013). Spanish Nuclear Safety Research under International Frameworks. Nuclear Espana. 343:27-33. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/47615S273334
Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program.
Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = -0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.The SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial was supported by the SHE Foundation, the
la Caixa Foundation (LCF/PR/CE16/10700001), the Fundació la Marató de TV3 (grant number
369/C/2016). Support was also provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
(PID2020-114022RB-I00), CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII from the Ministerio
de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (AEI/FEDER, UE), and Generalitat de Catalunya. RF-J is
a recipient of grant PI19/01704 funded by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de Salud
Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social
Fund a way to make Europe/Investing in your future. The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa
Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). GS-B
was the recipient of grant LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by la Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434).
AT-R is a Serra Húnter fellow. EL-S was a FI-SDUR (EMC/3345/2020) fellowship from the Generalitat de Catalunya. JM-G was a postgraduate fellow of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain at
the Residencia de Estudiantes (2020–ongoing).S
Flavonoid Intake From Cocoa-Based Products and Adiposity Parameters in Adolescents in Spain.
Cocoa-based products are a good source of flavonoids, which may have beneficial effects on metabolic health.
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between flavonoids from cocoa-based products and adiposity parameters in adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 944 adolescents aged 11-14 years enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain with available baseline data from food frequency questionnaires and anthropometric measurements [weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass percentage (% FM) by bioimpedance analysis]. Fat mass index (FMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were obtained by dividing fat mass by height and WC by height, respectively. Body mass index (BMI), WC, and FMI for age and gender z-score were calculated. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile and excess adiposity as %FM or FMI ≥ 75th percentile. WC ≥ 90th percentile and WHtR with a 0.5 threshold were considered as criteria of abdominal obesity. Multilevel mixed-effect regressions were used to evaluate the association between flavonoids from cocoa-based products and adiposity parameters. Municipalities and schools were considered random effects.
Participants with a higher flavonoid intake from cocoa-based products had lower WC z-score [B = -0.04, 95% CI (-0.07; -0.01), P-for trend = 0.045] and WHtR [B = -0.01, 95% CI (-0.02; -0.01), P- for trend < 0.001]. They also had lower probability of having abdominal obesity [OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.52; 0.85), P- for trend = 0.001]. Inverse associations were observed between flavonoids from cocoa powder and BMI z-score [B = -0.08, 95% CI (-0.12; -0.05), P < 0.001], WC z-score [B = -0.06, 95% CI (-0.11; -0.02), P = 0.003], WHtR [B = -0.01, 95% CI (-0.01; -0.00), P < 0.001], %FM [B = -1.11, 95% CI (-1.48; -0.75), P < 0.001], and FMI z-score [B = -0.18, 95% CI (-0.20; -0.17), P < 0.001]. Regarding dark chocolate, an inverse association only with WC z-score [B = -0.06, 95% CI (-0.08; -0.05), P < 0.001] was found. However, no association was observed between flavonoids from milk chocolate intake and anthropometric parameters.
A higher intake of flavonoids from cocoa-based products was associated with lower adiposity parameters and a lower probability of presenting abdominal obesity.The SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial was supported
by the SHE Foundation, the la Caixa Foundation
(LCF/PR/CE16/10700001), the Fundació la Marató de TV3
(grant number 369/C/2016), and by the funding from Idilia
Foods (FBG 311240). Support was also provided by the
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2020-
114022RB-I00), CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos
III, ISCIII from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y
Universidades (AEI/FEDER, UE), and Generalitat de Catalunya.
JM-G was a postgraduate fellow of the Ministerio de Ciencia
e Innovación of Spain at the Residencia de Estudiantes (2020–
ongoing). RF-J was a recipient of grant PI19/01704 funded
by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto de Salud
Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Regional
Development Fund/European Social Fund a way to make
Europe/Investing in your future. The CNIC was supported by
the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN),
the Pro CNIC Foundation, and was a Severo Ochoa Center
of Excellence (CEX2020-001041-S). GS-B was the recipient of
grant LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by la Caixa Foundation
(ID 100010434). AT-R is a Serra Húnter fellow. EL-S was a
FI-SDUR (EMC/3345/2020) fellowship from the Generalitat
de Catalunya.S
Metabolic syndrome, adiposity, diet, and emotional eating are associated with oxidative stress in adolescents
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition related to adiposity and oxidative stress, can develop in adolescence, a critical stage in life that impacts health in adulthood. However, there is scarce scientific research about the relationship between lifestyle factors, emotion management, and oxidative stress in this phase of life.Aim: To analyze whether nutritional parameters, lifestyle factors, emotion management, and MS in adolescents are associated with oxidative stress measured by the biomarker 8-isoprostane.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 132 adolescents (48.5% girls, aged 12 ± 0.48 years) and data were collected on nutritional parameters (anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyzes, and blood pressure), lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep, and diet), and emotion management (self-esteem, emotional eating, and mood). 8-isoprostane was analyzed in spot urine samples. The study population was categorized in three groups (healthy, at-risk, and with MS) using the International Diabetes Federation definition of MS in adolescents. To capture more complex interactions, a multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between 8-isoprostane and the aforementioned variables.Results: Urinary 8-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the MS group compared to the healthy group (1,280 ± 543 pg./mg vs. 950 ± 416 pg./mg respectively). In addition, univariable analysis revealed positive significant associations between 8-isoprostane and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, blood lipid profile and glucose, emotional eating, and refined cereal intake. Conversely, a negative significant association was found between 8-isoprostane and sleep duration and fish intake. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between 8-isoprostane and LDL-c (β = 0.173 value of p = 0.049), emotional eating (low β = 0.443, value of p = 0.036; high β = 0.152, value of p = 0.470), refined cereal intake (β =0.191, value of p = 0.024), and fish intake (β = -0.187, value of p = 0.050).Conclusion: The MS group, LDL-c, emotional eating, and high refined cereals and low fish intakes were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in an adolescent population.</p
School-Based Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
IMPORTANCE
School-based interventions offer an opportunity for health promotion in adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of 2 multicomponent educational health promotion strategies of differing duration and intensity on adolescents' cardiovascular health (CVH).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The SI! Program for Secondary Schools is a 4-year cluster randomized clinical intervention trial conducted in 24 secondary schools from Barcelona and Madrid, Spain, from September 7, 2017, to July 31, 2021. Eligible participants were adolescents enrolled in the first grade of secondary school.
INTERVENTIONS
Schools and their participants were randomized to receive a health promotion intervention (SI! Program) over 4 school years (long-term intervention [LTI], 8 schools, 412 adolescents) or 2 school years (short-term intervention [STI], 8 schools, 504 adolescents) or to receive the standard curriculum (control, 8 schools, 441 adolescents).
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES
The primary end point was the between-group difference at 2 and 4 years in the change from baseline of the overall CVH score, as defined by the American Heart Association (range, 0-14 points, with a higher score indicating a healthier CVH profile). Intervention effects were tested with multilevel mixed-effects models. A complete-case intention-to-treat analysis was performed as the primary analysis.
RESULTS
Of the randomized students, the study enrolled 1326 adolescents (684 [51.6%] boys, mean [SD] age, 12.5 [0.4] years at recruitment) with a study completion rate of 86.0%. Baseline overall CVH scores were 10.3 points in the LTI group, 10.6 points in the STI group, and 10.5 points in the control group. After 2 years, at halfway through the LTI and at the end of the STI, the difference in the CVH score change was 0.44 points (95% CI, 0.01-0.87; P = .04) between the LTI group and the control group and 0.18 points (95% CI, -0.25 to 0.61; P = .39) between the STI group and the control group. At 4 years, differences for the LTI and STI groups vs control were 0.12 points (LTI: 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.43; P = .42) and 0.13 points (STI: 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.44; P = .38). No adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Overall, the tested school-based health promotion strategies in this randomized clinical trial had a neutral effect on the CVH of the adolescents. Although there was evidence of a marginal beneficial effect at a point halfway through implementation in the LTI group, such a benefit was not noted at 4 years. Further research is warranted into the efficacy of school-based health promotion programs.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03504059.This work was supported by the
SHE Foundation-la Caixa Foundation (LCF/PR/CE16/
10700001) and the Fundació la Marató de TV3
(369/C/2016). Dr Santos-Beneit is recipient of grant
LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by “la Caixa”
Foundation (ID 100010434). Dr Tresserra-Rimbau
is a Serra Húnter Fellow. Dr Laveriano-Santos is
supported by the FI-SDUR (EMC/503/2021) grant
from the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Mr Martínez-Gómez was a postgraduate fellow of
the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación at the
Residencia de Estudiantes (2020-2022) and is a
recipient of grant FPU21/04891 (Ayudas para la
formación de profesorado universitario, FPU-2021)
from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y
Deporte. Dr Álvarez-Benavides is a María Zambrano
fellow. Dr Fernández-Jiménez is recipient of grants
PI19/01704 and PI22/01560 funded by the ISCIII
and cofunded by the European Union. Support was
also provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia,
Innovación y Universidades (AEI/FEDER, UE, grant
PID2020-114022RB-I00), and Generalitat de
Catalunya. The Institute for Nutrition and Food
Safety Research (INSA-UB) is a Unit of Excellence
(María de Maeztu CEX2021-001234-M). The Centro
Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
(CNIC) is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de
Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC
Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of
Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by
MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).S