Alterations in heterosis of maize populations derived from single-cross hybrids after reciprocal recurrent selection.

One hundred and sixty-nine interpopulational half sib progenies were obtained from maize populations derived from the commercial single-cross hybrids AG9012 (1) and C333 (2) to investigate the efficiency of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). Fifteen progenies with highest hulled ear yield were obtained. Two recombination trials were sown with remnant S1 seeds, and the improved CI1 and CI2 populations were simultaneously obtained with their hybrid combination. Yield trials were set up in three sites to assess the efficiency of the RRS. The F1 from single-cross hybrid AG9012 and C333, the double-cross (F1(1)x F1(2) hybrids, the C0 1 and C02 populations, the interpopulational hybrid (C01 x C02), the CI1 and CI2 improved populations, and their hybrid (CI1 x CI2) were compared. A 5.7% progress was obtained in one cycle of RRS for ear yield, mainly attributed to increased heterosis. The yield of the improved hybrid was superior to the F1 from single-cross hybrids AG9012 and C333, demonstrating the potential of the referred hybrid combination. Para verificar a eficiência da seleção recorrente recíproca (SRR) em populações originárias dos híbridos simples comerciais AG9012 (1) e C333 (2) foram obtidas, inicialmente, 169 progênies de meios-irmãos interpopulacionais. As 15 melhores progênies em produção de espigas despalhadas foram identificadas. Utilizando-se sementes S1 remanescentes, semearam-se dois campos de recombinação, sendo simultaneamente obtidas as populações melhoradas C1 1 e C1 2 e a combinação híbrida entre elas. Os experimentos para avaliar a eficiência da SRR foram instalados em três locais. Foram comparados o F1 dos híbridos simples AG9012 e C333, o híbrido duplo F1(1) x F1 (2), entre eles as populações CD1 e CD2, o híbrido interpopulacinal (CD1 e CD2), as populações melhoradas C1 1 e C1 2 e a sua combinação híbrida (C1 1 e C 1 2). O progresso com um ciclo de SRR foi de 5,7% para a produção de espigas e deveu-se , principalmente, ao incremento na heterose. O desempenho do híbrido melhorado superou a geração F1 dos híbridos simples AG9012 e C333, evidenciando o potencial da referida combinação híbrida

Alternative products to carbazoles in the oxidation of diphenylamines with palladium (II) acetate

Although simple diphenylamines are conveniently oxidised with Palladium (II) acetate to give carbazoles, for more complex examples, carbazoles are minor products amongst many.CRUP (Portugal). British Council - Treaty of Windsor Programme. Junta Nacional de Investigação Científica e Tecnológica

A randomized trial of the close reading and creative writing program: an alternative educational method for adult group care intervention in type 2 diabetes management

Objectives: Group care for individuals with diabetes is a recognized educational practice, but techniques from narrative medicine using of literary works have never been incorporated in these programs. We designed a new educational model (i.e. the Close Reading and Creative Writing program) of group care for individuals with diabetes incorporating close reading and creative writing in group education. A randomized trial was designed to evaluate this intervention. Methods: A total of 49 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 6 years of school education, were randomized to 2 different group care dynamics: (a) a “control group,” with a classical structured educational approach currently used at our institution; and (b) an “intervention group,” with introduction of literary texts, narrative skills, close reading and creative writing. Evaluation included anthropometric measures, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and questionnaires for psychological evaluation. Individual A1C levels in the 6-year period before the trial were collected from clinical records. Results: A significant reduction of A1C was observed in the intervention group, showing noninferiority in relation to the classical approach. A significant decrease in A1C was observed in relation to the 6 previous years. A significant increase in satisfaction with the therapist and group process was observed. Conclusions: This is the first randomized trial designed to evaluate a group care intervention to manage type 2 diabetes using narrative techniques. The results suggest that this may be a useful model for more highly schooled individuals, and may represent an alternative for the educational process.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

5´-alkoxy-2,2´-bithiophene azo dyes: a novel promising series of NLO chromophores

A series of bithienyl azo dyes has been prepared from their corresponding coupling components, 5-alkoxy-2,2´-bithiophenes. The solvatochromic behavior of the compounds was investigated. The hyperpolarizabilities β of derivatives 3-5 were measured using hyper-Rayleigh scattering and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate their thermal stability. The experimental results indicate that, good nonlinearity-thermal stability is well balanced for azo-bithiophene NLO-chromophores 3-5 making them good candidates for NLO applications.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Synthesis of highly substituted diphenylacetamides and diphenylsulfonamides by the goldberg coupling reaction

We report the synthesis and characterisation of multisubstituted diphenylacetamides, diphenylsulfonamides and diphenylamines (and some observations on cyclisation of the last).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)ICCTI and CRUP (Portugal) and the British Council for financial suppor

Studies on 5-Bromo-4,7-dimethylindene, an intermediate in the synthesis of 6-Bromo-5,8-dimethylisoquinoline

We report the complete characterisation of all the precursors of 6-bromo-5,8-dimethylisoquinoline via Miller and Moock´s synthesis, and the synthesis of 6-bromo-4,7-dimethyl-2-(5´-Bromo-4´,7´-dimethyl)-2´,3´-dihydro-1´-H-inden-1´-yl)-1-H-indene.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. ICCTI (Portugal). CRUP (Portugal). British Council

A synthesis of 8,10-dimethoxyellipticine via a diphenylamine

8,10-Dimethoxyellipticine has been synthesised from readily available benzene derivatives via palladium acetate or photochemical cyclisation of intermediate diphenylamine derivatives. The route has advantages over indole based syntheses.We thank the British Council for awards under the Treaty of Windsor Programme and JNICT (IBQF - UM) Portugal for financial support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis and characterization of the thermal and the solvatochromic properties of heterocyclic azo dyes derived from 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2,2´-bithiophene couplers

A series of heterocyclic azo dyes was synthesized by diazotation of several substituted anilines and coupling with 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2,2´-bithiophenes to give 4-phenylazo-5-N,N-dialkylamino-2,2´-bithiophenes 4-7. This reaction contrasts with the behavior of 5-alkoxy-2,2´-bithiophenes towards aryldiazonium salts which gave 5-phenylazo-5-alkoxy-2,2´-bithiophenes. The thermal stability of the derivatives was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The solvatochromic behaviour of the novel bithiophene azo dyes was investigated in several solvents of different polarity. The experimental results indicate that, the heterocyclic azo dyes 4-7 could be used as thermally stable solvatochromic probes.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

5-Arylazo-2,2´-bithiophenes: a novel promising series of NLO chromophores

The synthesis of 5-arylazo- substituted bithiophenes and their UV-visible, solvatochromic and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are described. In agreement with the solvatochromic data and also with the second-order molecular NLO characterization, the new donor-acceptor systems could find application as suitable solvatochromic probes and also as new NLO materials.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT