An Empirical Study on Zero Address Terms Among Chinese College Students

Chinese address terms are the basis of interpersonal communication. On the one hand, a conversation usually begins with address terms which play a important role. On the other hand, choosing different address terms represents the different tone the speaker wants to express. Therefore, accurate and appropriate use of address terms is one of the important symbols of successful communication. However, using zero address terms is still very common because we don’t know how to address appropriately in some occasions. This paper aims to study the common types of zero address terms usage among university students, and try to summarize the main reasons. This study is based on daily conversations of college students in four common campus scenes which are office building, study building, store and playground. The following findings are obtained in this study. There are five common types of zero address terms phenomenon. They are polite expression, personal pronoun, no expression, onomatopoeia and body language. There are three main reasons for using zero address terms. They are occasion, interpersonal purpose and social development.

The Differentiation Balance of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Crucial to Hematopoiesis.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the important component and regulator of bone marrow microenvironment, give rise to hematopoietic-supporting stromal cells and form hematopoietic niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis is poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the role of BMSC differentiation in hematopoiesis. We discussed the role of BMSCs and their progeny in hematopoiesis. We also examine the mechanisms that cause differentiation bias of BMSCs in stress conditions including aging, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Moreover, the differentiation balance of BMSCs is crucial to hematopoiesis. We highlight the negative effects of differentiation bias of BMSCs on hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. Keeping the differentiation balance of BMSCs is critical for hematopoietic recovery. This review summarises current understanding about how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis and its potential application in improving hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation

Improving Complex Network Controllability via Link Prediction

© 2019, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Complex network is a network structure composed of a large number of nodes and complex relationships between these nodes. Using complex network can model many systems in real life. The individual in the system corresponds to the node in the network and the relationship between these individuals corresponds to the edge in the network. The controllability of complex networks is to study how to enable the network to arrive at the desired state from any initial state by external input signals. The external input signals transmit to the whole network through some nodes in the network, and these nodes are called driver node. For the study of controllability of complex network, it is mainly to judge whether the network is controllable or not and how to select the appropriate driver nodes at present. If a network has a high controllability, the network will be easy to control. However, complex networks are vulnerable and will cause declining of controllability. Therefore, we propose in this paper a link prediction-based method to make the network more robust to different modes of attacking. Through experiments we have validated the effectiveness of the proposed method

Is La3Ni2O6.5 a Bulk Superconducting Nickelate?

Superconducting states onsetting at moderately high temperatures have been observed in epitaxially-stabilized RENiO2-based thin films. However, recently it has also been reported that superconductivity at high temperatures is observed in bulk La3Ni2O7-{\delta} at high pressure, opening further possibilities for study. Here we report the reduction profile of La3Ni2O7 in a stream of 5% H2/Ar gas and the isolation of the metastable intermediate phase La3Ni2O6.45, which is based on Ni2+. Although this reduced phase does not superconduct at ambient or high pressures, it offers insights into the Ni-327 system and encourages the future study of nickelates as a function of oxygen content

Assessing mass-loss and stellar-to-halo mass ratio of satellite galaxies: a galaxy–galaxy lensing approach utilizing DECaLS DR8 data

The galaxy–galaxy lensing technique allows us to measure the subhalo mass of satellite galaxies, studying their mass-loss and evolution within galaxy clusters and providing direct observational validation for theories of galaxy formation. In this study, we use the weak gravitational lensing observations from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys DR8, in combination with the redMaPPer galaxy cluster catalogue from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 to accurately measure the dark matter halo mass of satellite galaxies. We confirm a significant increase in the stellar-to-halo mass ratio of satellite galaxies with their halo-centric radius, indicating clear evidence of mass-loss due to tidal stripping. Additionally, we find that this mass-loss is strongly dependent on the mass of the satellite galaxies, with satellite galaxies above experiencing more pronounced mass-loss compared to lower mass satellites, reaching 86 per cent at projected halo-centric radius 0.5R200c. The average mass-loss rate, when not considering halo-centric radius, displays a U-shaped variation with stellar mass, with galaxies of approximately exhibiting the least mass-loss, around 60 per cent. We compare our results with state-of-the-art hydrodynamical numerical simulations and find that the satellite galaxy stellar-to-halo mass ratio in the outskirts of galaxy clusters is higher compared to the predictions of the Illustris-TNG project about factor 5. Furthermore, the Illustris-TNG project’s numerical simulations did not predict the observed dependence of satellite galaxy mass-loss rate on satellite galaxy mass

MaNGA DynPop – IV. Stacked total density profile of galaxy groups and clusters from combining dynamical models of integral-field stellar kinematics and galaxy–galaxy lensing

We present the measurement of total and stellar/dark matter decomposed mass density profile around a sample of galaxy groupsand clusters with dynamical masses derived from integral-field stellar kinematics from the MaNGA survey in Paper I and weaklensing derived from the DECaLS imaging survey. Combining the two data sets enables accurate measurement of the radialdensity distribution from several kpc to Mpc scales. Intriguingly, we find that the excess surface density derived from stellarkinematics in the inner region cannot be explained by simply adding an NFW dark matter halo extrapolated from lensingmeasurement at a larger scale to a stellar mass component derived from the NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) catalogue. We find that agood fit to both data sets requires a stellar mass normalization about three times higher than that derived from the NSA catalogue,which would require an unrealistically too-heavy initial mass function for stellar mass estimation. If we keep the stellar massnormalization to that of the NSA catalogue but allow a varying inner dark matter density profile, we obtain an asymptotic slopeof γ gnfw = 1.82+0.15−0.25 and γ gnfw = 1.48+0.20 −0.41 for the group bin and the cluster bin, respectively, significantly steeper than the NFWcase. We also compare the total mass inner density slopes with those from TNG300 and find that the values from the simulationare lower than the observation by about 2σ level