Temperatura e substrato para o teste de germinação de sementes de barbatimão ((Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Leguminosae))

As normas oficiais para análise de sementes não estabelecem critérios para a execução de testes de germinação da maioria das espécies florestais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação do substrato, da temperatura e da necessidade de superação da dormência das sementes para o teste de germinação de Stryphnodendron adstringens. Foram avaliados o tratamento de escarificação com ácido sulfúrico por 60 min, os substratos vermiculita, rolo de papel, areia e solo e as temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC e alternadas de 15-35 ºC e 20-30 ºC, utilizando-se a primeira contagem de germinação (7 dias) e a porcentagem de plântulas normais, anormais, sementes mortas e dormentes (42º dia após a semeadura) com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes de S. adstringens devem ser submetidas ao teste de germinação, após superação da dormência, em substrato papel e nas temperaturas constantes de 25, 30 ou 35 ºC ou alternadas de 20-30 ºC.The official rules for seed testing don't establish criterions for accomplishment of germination test for greater number of forest species. Thus, the aim of this work was to define substrate, temperature and method for removing hard seededness for germination test of Stryphnodendron adstringens. They were studied: acid scarification with sulphuric acid for 60 minutes, substrates: vermiculita, rolled towel paper, sand and soil, and temperatures: constant, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC, and alternating, 15-35 ºC and 20-30 ºC. They were evalueted by first counting of the test (percentage of normal seedlings at 7 days after sowing), and the percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings, dormant and dead seeds (42 days after sowing), with four replications of 50 seeds. Seeds with hardness removed must be used to evaluate the germination of S. adstringens, in paper substrate and with constant temperature of 25, 30 or 35 ºC or alternating of 20-30 ºC

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset