Babylonian Talmud and the establishing of the law: an exposition of the hermeneutical methods used by the amoraite Sages

Esta dissertação destaca os métodos de interpretação usados pelos sábios amoraítas para interpretar a Torá e definir a lei religiosa judaica. Este trabalho visa a entender como o texto da Torá serve como base para discussões legais por parte dos sábios e, por consequência, entender que abordagens tais sábios usavam para explicar e esclarecer os significados obscuros do texto bíblico. Para tanto, procedeu-se a um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento da Torá Oral no judaísmo rabínico e a uma análise crítica das obras clássicas da Torá Oral, a saber, a Mishná e o Talmud, sempre tendo como pano de fundo o texto da Torá Escrita. A pesquisa mostra como a aplicação dos métodos hermenêuticos por parte dos sábios amoraítas é, até certo ponto, altamente subjetiva e como isso ajudou a definir a lei religiosa judaica que é seguida até hoje por judeus ortodoxos.This dissertation highlights the methods of interpretation used by the Amoraitic Sages to interpret the Torah and establish the Jewish religious law. This work aims to understand how the text of the Torah serves as a basis for legal discussions undertaken by the Sages and therefore tries to understand the approaches that such Sages used to explain and clarify the obscure meanings of the biblical text. In order to achieve that, we have proceeded to a study of the development of the Oral Torah in rabbinic Judaism and a critical analysis of classic works of the Oral Torah, namely the Mishnah and Talmud, besides the text of the Written Torah as a background. The research shows how the application of hermeneutical methods by the Amoraitic Sages is, to some extent, highly subjective and how it helped to define Jewish religious law that is followed even today by Orthodox Jews

Transcranial magnetic therapy is an effective strategy for remediating neuroendocrine pathology

Aspects of reactivation and remediation of impaired functions of the brain and of the inner organs regulatory systems are crucial to medical science. The study presents the technique of transcranial magnetic therapy (TMT) with extremely low frequency alternating magnetic field employed for balanced activation of central nervous system function. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of TMT in diseases caused by hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction. Material and Methods ― 90 children aged 10-16 years with different diseases but with similar pathogenic patterns were enrolled in the study. Group 1 included 30 adolescent girls with menstrual irregularities. Group 2 included 30 children with nocturnal enuresis. Group 3 included 30 teenage boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Medical histories were studied, clinical and laboratory evaluation was carried out. TMT stimulation was performed using the device “AMO-ATOS” (TRIMA LLC, Saratov, Russia). Results ― Children in all the groups had high incidence of antenatal and perinatal pathologies recorded in their medical histories. Analysis of electroencephalograms (EEG) showed the prevalence of disorganized and flat EEG patterns – 70% in all the children. Sympathicotonia being the symptom of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, prevailed in 60-80% of the children. The children in the three groups had hormonal imbalance. The treatment with TMT resulted in considerable improvement in hormonal balance and laboratory findings. Conclusion ― ТМТ stimulation is effective in remediation of impaired functions of the brain and treatment of the diseases caused by hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction