Síndrome de Burnout e os aspectos sócio-demográficos em profissionais de enfermagem Síndrome de Burnout y los aspectos sociodemográficos en profesionales de enfermería Burnout Syndrome and the socio-demographic aspects of nursing professionals

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a incidência da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) de acordo com os aspectos sociodemográficos dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em dois hospitais regionais, no município de Cáceres-MT. MÉTODOS: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritivo, com delineamento transversal, realizado com 141 profissionais de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado com dados para o delineamento sociodemográfico, acrescido do instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTADOS: Com base na análise das entrevistas dos 141 profissionais, 13 (9,58%) apresentaram Síndrome de Burnout,, conforme o MBI, e destes acometidos 7 (53,84%) são enfermeiros e 6 (46,16%) técnico/auxiliares. Quanto à incidência da SB em função dos aspectos sócios demográficos, o maior número de casos foi verificados no sexo feminino, nos profissionais com menos tempo de formação e nos solteiros. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados na literatura, relevando as constatações. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo evidenciou que a presença da SB nos profissionais de enfermagem, revelando assim a necessidade de intervenções em relação às condições de trabalho dos enfermeiros.<br>OBJETIVO: Demostrar la incidencia del Síndrome de Burnout (SB) de acuerdo a los aspectos sociodemográficos de los profesionales de enfermería que actúan en dos hospitales regionales, en el municipio de Cáceres-MT. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudo de naturaleza cuantitativa, descriptiva, de tipo transversal, realizado con 141 profesionales de enfermería. Para la recolección de los datos, fue utilizado un cuestionario estructurado con datos para el delineamiento sociodemográfico, además del instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTADOS: Con base en el análisis de las entrevistas de los 141 profesionales, 13 (9,58%) presentaron Síndrome de Burnout, conforme el MBI, de los cuales 7 (53,84%) son enfermeros y 6 (46,16%) técnico/auxiliares. En cuanto a la incidencia del SB en función de los aspectos sociodemográficos, el mayor número de casos fue verificado en el sexo femenino, en los profesionales con menos tiempo de formación y en los solteros. Resultados semejantes fueron encontrados en la literatura, confirmando las constataciones. CONCLUSIÓN: En este estudio se evidenció la presencia del SB en los profesionales de enfermería, revelando así la necesidad de intervenciones en relación a las condiciones de trabajo de los enfermeros.<br>OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the incidence of burnout syndrome according to sociodemographic characteristics of nursing professionals who worked in two regional hospitals in the city of Cáceres-MT. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted with 141 nursing professionals. To collect data, a structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data for the design was used, along with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS: Based on the analysis of interviews with 141 professionals, 13 (9.58%) presented with burnout syndrome, according to the MBI, and of those affected, seven (53.84%) were registered nurses and six were (46.16%) technicians / auxiliaries. In terms of the relevance of burnout syndrome as a function of sociodemographic aspects, the largest number of verified cases were female professionals with less training time, and those who were single. Similar results were observed in the literature, emphasizing the findings. CONCLUSION: This study showed the presence of burnout syndrome in nursing professionals, thus revealing the need for interventions in relation to the working conditions of nurses

Asymmetrical Damage Partitioning in Bacteria: A Model for the Evolution of Stochasticity, Determinism, and Genetic Assimilation

Non-genetic phenotypic variation is common in biological organisms. The variation is potentially beneficial if the environment is changing. If the benefit is large, selection can favor the evolution of genetic assimilation, the process by which the expression of a trait is transferred from environmental to genetic control. Genetic assimilation is an important evolutionary transition, but it is poorly understood because the fitness costs and benefits of variation are often unknown. Here we show that the partitioning of damage by a mother bacterium to its two daughters can evolve through genetic assimilation. Bacterial phenotypes are also highly variable. Because gene-regulating elements can have low copy numbers, the variation is attributed to stochastic sampling. Extant Escherichia coli partition asymmetrically and deterministically more damage to the old daughter, the one receiving the mother's old pole. By modeling in silico damage partitioning in a population, we show that deterministic asymmetry is advantageous because it increases fitness variance and hence the efficiency of natural selection. However, we find that symmetrical but stochastic partitioning can be similarly beneficial. To examine why bacteria evolved deterministic asymmetry, we modeled the effect of damage anchored to the mother's old pole. While anchored damage strengthens selection for asymmetry by creating additional fitness variance, it has the opposite effect on symmetry. The difference results because anchored damage reinforces the polarization of partitioning in asymmetric bacteria. In symmetric bacteria, it dilutes the polarization. Thus, stochasticity alone may have protected early bacteria from damage, but deterministic asymmetry has evolved to be equally important in extant bacteria. We estimate that 47% of damage partitioning is deterministic in E. coli. We suggest that the evolution of deterministic asymmetry from stochasticity offers an example of Waddington's genetic assimilation. Our model is able to quantify the evolution of the assimilation because it characterizes the fitness consequences of variation