Many Labs 2 : Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Sample and Setting

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation in effect magnitudes across sample and setting. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples and 15,305 total participants from 36 countries and territories. Using conventional statistical significance (p &lt; .05), fifteen (54%) of the replications provided evidence in the same direction and statistically significant as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p &lt; .0001), fourteen (50%) provide such evidence reflecting the extremely high powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications had effect sizes larger than the original finding and 21 (75%) had effect sizes smaller than the original finding. The median comparable Cohen’s d effect sizes for original findings was 0.60 and for replications was 0.15. Sixteen replications (57%) had small effect sizes (&lt; .20) and 9 (32%) were in the opposite direction from the original finding. Across settings, 11 (39%) showed significant heterogeneity using the Q statistic and most of those were among the findings eliciting the largest overall effect sizes; only one effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity. Only one effect showed a Tau &gt; 0.20 indicating moderate heterogeneity. Nine others had a Tau near or slightly above 0.10 indicating slight heterogeneity. In moderation tests, very little heterogeneity was attributable to task order, administration in lab versus online, and exploratory WEIRD versus less WEIRD culture comparisons. Cumulatively, variability in observed effect sizes was more attributable to the effect being studied than the sample or setting in which it was studied. Data, materials and code available at: https://osf.io/8cd4r/</a

Enhancement of Hoisting System Performance

In this paper it is required to enhance the performance of a mechanical system (here: a Hoisting System) where it is preferred to lift a different payloads with approximately the same speed of lifting and keeping at the same time the good performance, and this of course needs some intelligence of the system which will be responsible on measuring the present load and taking into account the speed and performance desired in order to achieve the requirements or the criteria. The process therefore is a Mechatronics System design which includes a measuring system, a control or automation technique, and an actuating system. The criteria built here in this research using a given Hoist system's characteristics and parameters and changing one of these parameters by the actuator depending on load value (i.e. making a calibration with which there will be a given value of the intentional parameter at which the speed and performance reach the requirements to any load value)

How do salespeople help make buyer’s resources available?

Purpose of the paper and literature addressed There is great emphasis by researchers on the issue of co-creation of value across business-to-business buyer-seller relationships because co-creation is the source of much development of improved products, processes, and relationship value outcomes. Therefore an important issue for managers in a selling organization is how they can ensure good access to the resources of their buyers, as it is the interaction between buyer and seller and the resultant integration of resources that is the basis for co-creation. This paper deals with a closely related concern: how do salespeople facilitate availability of a buyer’s important and useful resources to effect positive outcomes for the firm? The study utilizes the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing integration and network concepts and the sales literature to identify a set of dimensions of the activities into which a salesperson should put his or her efforts in order to facilitate the availability of customers’ resources to the sellers’ firm and thereby aid value creation. The study then tests the validity of these dimensions through several steps. Research method The study first reviews the literature to identify six activities to test as dimensions of a “salesperson’s level of effort” in facilitating availability of the buyer’s resources to the seller. The researchers next interview senior company executives to further develop the dimensions and help identify measures. A survey then collects quantitative data and analyzes it using correlations and confirmatory factor analysis. Research findings After purification of some items out of the scales, the study’s measurement model has good fit statistics and the dimensions of the “salesperson’s level of effort” construct show good reliability and validity. The six dimensions are effort by the salesperson in: learning about the buyer; learning about the seller (their own firm); customer contact; providing service; selling; co-ordination. Main contribution The study develops a set of measures for level of salesperson’s effort in relationship development and the ability of the seller to access its buyer’s resources. By doing so, the study provides the basis for further research into relations between salesperson’s effort, availability of buyer’s resources, and relationship outcomes which research can assess in terms of value and performance

The application of natural dyes from rambutan skin for eco-printing on tanned leather

The use of natural materials is a creative and innovative process to increase the potential of the surrounding environment, such as the use of natural dyes. As rambutan skin has been rarely used and reported as a natural dye, this study explores its usage on leather. In this study, we applied rambutan skin as a natural dye to tanned leather from goat crust skin using the creative eco-printing method. We used an experimental method with a pre-experiment one-shot case study design. Each sample was dyed at different times using distinct solutions during the mordant process. The solution was made from rambutan skin and different solvents, such as alum (AI2(SO4)3), calcium oxide (Ca(OH)2), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). The results show that crust-tanned leather from goat skin can be successfully colored with natural dye from rambutan skin. The more amount of dyes used results in a darker color. In addition, the type of mordant used produces a different color. In the eco-printing process, the background color is influenced by the type of mordant used on the blanket, which serves as a cover for the eco-print process. Meanwhile,  the leaves stop the mordant from penetrating the leather and become the source of the motive.Keywords: natural dyes; rambutan skin; eco-printing; tanned leatherPenerapan pewarna alami dari kulit rambutan dalam kreasi eco printing pada kulit tersamakMemanfaatkan bahan alam sebagai proses berkreasi adalah salah satu upaya dalam mela­kukan inovasi untuk meningkatkan potensi lingkungan sekitar, salah satunya melalui penggunaan pewarna alami. Pemanfaatan kulit rambutan sebagai pewarna alami masih terbatas pada media yang digunakan sehingga perlu adanya eksplorasi terhadap bahan lain seperti bahan kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan kulit rambutan sebagai pewarna alami yang diterapkan pada bahan kulit kambing tersamak jenis crust dan penerapan pada proses berkreasi eco printing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan bentuk pre-eksperimen jenis one-shot case study. Setiap sampel dicelup dengan jumlah pencelupan yang berbeda lalu dilakukan proses mordant dengan larutan yang berbeda yaitu tawas (AI2(SO4)3), kapur (Ca(OH)2), dan tunjung (FeSO4). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kulit kambing tersamak jenis crust dapat diberi warna dengan larutan pewarna alami kulit rambutan. Semakin banyak jumlah pence­lupan, maka warna yang dihasilkan semakin pekat dan jenis mordant yang digunakan menghasilkan warna yang berbeda. Dalam proses eco printing, warna pada latar di­penga­ruhi oleh jenis mordant yang digunakan pada blanket sebagai penutup proses eco­print dan motif yang dihasilkan berasal dari daun yang merintangi zat mordant masuk ke dalam kulit.Kata kunci: pewarna alami; kulit rambutan; eco printing; kulit tersama