Report of International NanoSPD Steering Committee and statistics on recent NanoSPD activities

The Université de Lorraine in Metz, France, is the selected site for the 6th International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation (NanoSPD6) following a series of five earlier conferences. This introductory paper reports on several major developments in NanoSPD activities as well as on very recent NanoSPD citation data which confirm the continued growth and expansion of this important research area. Close attention is given to the topics of workshops, conferences and seminars organized during these last three years as well as on books and reviews published prior to the NanoSPD6 conference. A special concern of the committee is in introducing and discussing the appropriate terminology to be applied in this new field of materials science and engineerin

L'alimentation de complément du jeune enfant

Il est difficile d'affirmer aujourd'hui que les farines Ouando (farines 1er et 2ème âge), produites industriellement, sont utilisées par les populations des zones rurales qui constituaient les groupes cibles au début de l'expérience. Les enquêtes menées par le Centre International de l'Enfance, sur l'utilisation des anciennes farines ont révélé que seulement 15% des utilisateurs se retrouvent dans cette catégorie de la population. En effet, bien que des actions soient entreprises afin de rendre les prix accessibles, le pouvoir d'achat en milieu rural demeure si faible qu'il est difficile à beaucoup de familles d'acheter les farines Ouando. Pour tenir compte de cette situation, il a été décidé de créer progressivement des points de vente dans toutes les régions du Bénin pour permettre à tous ceux qui en ont les moyens d'avoir de la farine à leur disposition, de vulgariser des formules de farines enrichies pour permettre aux mères de préparer elles-mêmes des farines à domicile et d'intensifier l'éducation nutritionnelle pour permettre l'utilisation des ressources disponibles pour une meilleure alimentation. (Résumé d'auteur

Shear-induced α → γ transformation in nanoscale Fe-C composite

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe observations show clearly that a reverse transformation of body-centred cubic ferrite to face-centred cubic austenite occurs during severe plastic deformation of a pearlitic steel resulting in a nanocrystalline structure, something that never occurs in conventional deformation of coarse-grained iron and steels. The driving force and the mechanisms of this reverse transformation are discussed. It is shown that nanostructure and shear stresses are essential for this process, and the results confirm molecular dynamics predictions of such transformations in nanocrystalline iron

Investigating Covid- 19 and Prophylactive Measures to Contain Spread of the Disease

Covid-19 disease is a highly infectious and contagious disease and the outbreak has caused  high mortality and morbidity with rates of about 5% and 0.9% it is a global pandemic requiring immediate attention,some of the symptoms include Anemia ,dehydration,Emaciation,weakness ,pneumonitis and Death. The etiology is covid-19 ,the problem at the moment is the lack of cure for the disease.In this study five continents where of interest  and they include North and South America,Europe,Africa and Asia.Data was obtained from the internet from worldometer.info/coronavirus/country and cases from February to 15 december 2020 were considered and analysed statistically using analysis of variants to determine monthly incidence and prevalence,case fatality,morbidity ,mortality and population at risk.The reason for this survey is to establish ways to decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates , reduce the devastating economic impact of this disease and increase daily socialization among Humans and curb hunger and boredom that covid-19 has caused.More so the  it is a global pandemic needing urgent attention.In conclusion the morbidity and mortality where highest in the months of July and October and the population at risk are 95%-98%.Prophylactic measure to help alleviate the incidence of this disease include daily administration of  blood tonic and ascorbic acid in their daily recommended dosages pre-infection to enhance growth of tissues  and cellular epithelization and boost energy generation and build . Keywords: Anemia ,Mortality, Morbidity, Prophylaxis, Griscelli syndrome, Genome,Replicase-trypticase,MHC I and II, Lupus erythmatosus M and E proteins DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-4-05 Publication date: February 28th 2021

Isolation and Identification of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) from Traditionally Fermented Milk “Nono” and Yoghurt in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

This study was to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus including the methicillin resistant strains in yoghurt and nono using bacteriological and molecular techniques. Out of 280 samples of yoghurt (140) and nono(140) collected from Kaduna, the overall prevalence of Staphylococcal species were 34(12.14%) . Twenty-nine (85.29%) were methicillin resistant by the Kirby-Baeur disk diffusion method. The 34 staphylococcal isolates were further subjected to Microbact 12S identification system and 9(3.21%) were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus. All 9(100%) were identified as MRSA using the Kirby-Baeur disk diffusion. The overall prevalence of MRSA was (3.21%). The occurrence of Staphylococcus was higher in nono 24(17.14%) than in Yoghurt 10(7.14%) while prevalence of MRSA was 8 (5.71%) and 1(0.71%) in nono and yoghurt respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of these organisms and the locations (P˃0.05). All the isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic but none resistant to all. The isolates showed over 90% resistance to beta lactams such as penicillin, methicillin and oxacillin. The least resistance was to cefixime 13 (38.23%) and 3(33.33%) by both  staphylococcal species and MRSA respectively. Resistance by the isolates was by a mec A independent mechanism. Six (66.67%) out of the 9 MRSA were positive for the penicillin – binding protein out of which 5(83.33%) were from nono and 1(16.67%) from yoghurt while 7(76.5%) were positive for betalactamase production out of which 6(85.71%) were from nono and 1(14.29%) from yoghurt. The findings of this study, suggest that nono and yoghurt maybe vehicles for diseases caused by MRSA. Food safety should be advocated by relevant agencies and hygiene among the producers and sellers should be encouraged and enforced. Keywords: MRSA, Nono, Staphylococci, Resistance

Exactly solvable model of dissipative vortex tunneling

I consider the problem of vortex tunneling in a two-dimensional superconductor. The vortex dynamics is governed by the Magnus force and the Ohmic friction force. Under-barrier motion in the vicinity of the saddle point of the pinning potential leads to a model with quadratic Hamiltonian which can be analytically diagonalized. I find the dependence of the tunneling probability on the normal state quasiparticle relaxation time $\tau$ with a minimum at $\omega_0\tau\sim 1$, where $\omega_0$ is the level spacing of the quasiparticle bound states inside the vortex core. The results agree qualitatively with the available experimental data.Comment: RevTeX, 6 pages, 2 figures. Published versio

Reverse Khas'minskii condition

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss some equivalent characterizations of p-parabolicity in terms of existence of special exhaustion functions. In particular, Khas'minskii in [K] proved that if there exists a 2-superharmonic function k defined outside a compact set such that $\lim_{x\to \infty} k(x)=\infty$, then R is 2-parabolic, and Sario and Nakai in [SN] were able to improve this result by showing that R is 2-parabolic if and only if there exists an Evans potential, i.e. a 2-harmonic function $E:R\setminus K \to \R^+$ with \lim_{x\to \infty} \E(x)=\infty. In this paper, we will prove a reverse Khas'minskii condition valid for any p>1 and discuss the existence of Evans potentials in the nonlinear case.Comment: final version of the article available at http://www.springer.co

Stationary mKdV hierarchy and integrability of the Dirac equations by quadratures

Using the Lie's infinitesimal method we establish that the Dirac equation in one variable is integrable by quadratures if the potential V(x) is a solution of one of the equations of the stationary mKdV hierarchy.Comment: 6 pages, LaTe