The effect of grain size on magnetic properties in Sm\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eFe\u3csub\u3e17\u3c/sub\u3eN\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3e

The microstructures of melt spun Sm11Fe89 and (Sm11Fe89)94Ti3C3 have been investigated under different solidification conditions. The magnetic properties of the nitrided materials have been related to the observed microstructures. Melt spinning of the Sm11Fe89 alloys resulted in grain sizes at or above the single domain limit. The addition of Ti and C resulted in an order of magnitude refinement in the microstructural scale. The magnetic properties of the samples with grain sizes below the single domain limit decreased with decreasing grain size due to increased intergranular exchange coupling

Thermodynamic database for the Co-Pr system

AbstractIn this article, we describe data on (1) compositions for both as-cast and heat treated specimens were summarized in Table 1; (2) the determined enthalpy of mixing of liquid phase is listed in Table 2; (3) thermodynamic database of the Co-Pr system in TDB format for the research articled entitle Chemical partitioning for the Co-Pr system: First-principles, experiments and energetic calculations to investigate the hard magnetic phase W

Composite magnetostrictive materials for advanced automotive magnetomechanical sensors

In this paper we present the development of a composite magnetostrictive material for automotive applications. The material is based on cobalt ferrite, CoO×Fe₂O₃, and contains a small fraction of metallic matrix phase that serves both as a liquid phase sintering aid during processing and enhances the mechanical properties over those of a simple sintered ferrite ceramic. In addition the metal matrix makes it possible to braze the material making the assembly of a sensor relatively simple. The material exhibits good sensitivity and should have high corrosion resistance while at the same time it is low cost

Stricture and perforation of the esophagus: Overlooked threats in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

This study was undertaken to assess the frequency of significant esophageal involvement in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). In a consecutive series of 24 patients with this disease, 9 (37%) showed endoscopic evidence of acid-induced esophageal lesions ranging from erosive inflammation to ulceration with massive bleeding, severe stricture formation, and perforation. In 3 cases, pronounced esophagitis was known 1–5 years before the underlying disease was diagnosed. Severe esophageal complications developed despite treatment with antisecretory drugs. It is emphasized that the best way to limit such complications is by excision of the underlying gastrin-secreting tumor(s) when possible . Nous avons entrepris cette étude pour établir la fréquence de participation oesophagienne dans le syndrome de Zollinger-Ellison. Pour une série de 24 patients présentant cette maladie, 9 (37%) avaient à l'endoscopie des lésions oesophagiennes dues à l'acidité allant de l'érosion inflammatoire à l'ulcération avec saignement important, sténose sévère, et perforation. Dans 3 cas, une oesophagite importante était connue 1–5 ans avant que la maladie sous-jacente soit diagnostiquée. Des complications oesophagiennes sévères se sont produites malgré le traitement antisécrétoire. Nous insistons sur le fait que le meilleur moyen de limiter ces complications est d'exciser chaque fois que possible la ou les tumeurs sous-jacentes sécrétant la gastrine. El presente estudio fue emprendido con el propósito de determinar la frecuencia de afección ácido péptica significativa del esófago en pacientes con síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison. En una serie de 24 pacientes consecutivos con esta enfermedad, 9 (37%) exhibieron evidencia endoscópica de lesiones esofágicas inducidas por ácido, las cuales variaron entre inflamación erosiva y ulceración con sangrado masivo, estrechez severa, y perforación. En 3 pacientes se conocía la existencia de esofagitis severa entre 1 y 5 años antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad de base. Se desarrollaron graves complicaciones esofágicas a pesar del tratamiento con drogas antisecretorias en 3 pacientes. Se hace enfasis en que la mejor manera de disminuir tales complicaciones es mediante la resección del tumor(es) secretor de gastrina, cuando ello sea posible.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41287/1/268_2005_Article_BF01658528.pd

Diabetic gastroparesis: Therapeutic options

Gastroparesis is a condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying and the most common known underlying cause is diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal fullness, and early satiety, which impact to varying degrees on the patient’s quality of life. Symptoms and deficits do not necessarily relate to each other, hence despite significant abnormalities in gastric emptying, some individuals have only minimal symptoms and, conversely, severe symptoms do not always relate to measures of gastric emptying. Prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide, domperidone, and erythromycin enhance gastric motility and have remained the mainstay of treatment for several decades, despite unwanted side effects and numerous drug interactions. Mechanical therapies such as endoscopic pyloric botulinum toxin injection, gastric electrical stimulation, and gastrostomy or jejunostomy are used in intractable diabetic gastroparesis (DG), refractory to prokinetic therapies. Mitemcinal and TZP-101 are novel investigational motilin receptor and ghrelin agonists, respectively, and show promise in the treatment of DG. The aim of this review is to provide an update on prokinetic and mechanical therapies in the treatment of DG

Icosahedral phase stabilities in Al-Cu-Ru alloys

By examining a wide region of the Al-Cu-Ru phase diagram, a thorough analysis of the compositional and thermal stability of the icosahedral phase has been completed. The primary solidification product of rapid solidification was a topologically and chemically disordered icosahedral phase with an extensive compositional region. Crystallization through exothermic events of the as-solidified materials produced crystalline phases, without the formation of the face-centered-icosahedral (FCI) phase. However, the FCI phase does form at higher temperatures through an endothermic reaction, indicating that it is a stable phase of the system, but only at elevated temperatures. Of the alloys studied, the FCI phase field was found to encompass Al65Cu23Ru12, Al65Cu20Ru10, and Al70Cu15Ru15. The transformation to the FCI phase involves an intermediate approximant phase that is very similar to the FCI structure. Also, a cubic approximant containing atomic arrangements with local icosahedral symmetry similar to α -A1 Mn Si was determined to exist near the FCI phase field

Practical Aspects of Modern and Future Permanent Magnets

The mandate to reduce greenhouse gases will require highly efficient electric machines for both power generation and traction motor applications. Although permanent magnet electric machines utilizing Nd2Fe14B-based magnets provide obvious power-to-weight advantages over induction machines, the limited availability and high price of the rare earth (RE) metals make these machines less favorable. Of particular concern is the cost and supply criticality of Dy, a key RE element that is required to improve the high-temperature performance of Nd-based magnetic alloys for use in generators and traction motors. Alternatives to RE-based alloys do exist, but they currently lack the energy density necessary to replace Nd-based magnets. Many of these compounds have been known for decades, but serious interest in their development waned once compounds based on RE elements were discovered. In this review, intrinsic and extrinsic materials factors that impact the optimization of both existing and potential future permanent magnets for energy applications are examined in light of new insights gained from renewed examination