Seasonal effects on reconciliation in Macaca Fuscata Yakui

Dietary composition may have profound effects on the activity budgets, levelof food competition, and social behavior of a species. Similarly, in seasonally breeding species, the mating season is a period in which competition for mating partners increases, affecting amicable social interactions among group members. We analyzed the importance of the mating season and of seasonal variations in dietary composition and food competition on econciliation in wild female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan. Yakushima macaques are appropriate subjects because they are seasonal breeders and their dietary composition significantly changes among the seasons. Though large differences occurred between the summer months and the winter and early spring months in activity budgets and the consumption of the main food sources, i.e., fruits, seeds, and leaves, the level of food competition and conciliatory tendency remained unaffected. Conversely,conciliatory tendency is significantly lower during the mating season than in the nonmating season. Moreover, conciliatory tendency is lower when 1 or both female opponents is in estrous than when they are not. Thus the mating season has profound effects on reconciliation, whereas seasonal changes in activity budgets and dietary composition do not. The detrimental effects of the mating season on female social relationships and reconciliation may be due to the importance of female competition for access to male partners in multimale, multifemale societies

Severe COVID-19 in a renal transplant recipient: a focus on pharmacokinetics

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires extra attention for immunocompromised patients, including solid organ transplant recipients. We report on a case of a 35-year-old renal transplant recipient who suffered from a severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The clinical course was complicated by extreme overexposure to the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus, following coadministration of chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. The case is illustrative for dilemmas that transplant professionals may face in the absence of evidence-based COVID-19 therapy and concurrent pressure for exploration of experimental pharmacological treatment options. However, the risk-benefit balance of experimental or off-label therapy may be weighed differently in organ transplant recipients than in otherwise healthy COVID-19 patients, owing to their immunocompromised status and potential drug interactions with immunosuppressive therapy. With this case report, we aimed to achieve increased awareness and improved management of drug-drug interactions associated with the various treatment options for COVID-19 in renal transplant patients.Transplant surger

SEEDS Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Asymmetric Transition Disk Oph IRS 48 in Scattered Light

Stars and planetary system

Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 1. Genetic Parameters for First and Second Lactation Milk Yields of Grade Holstein Cows

Genetic and environmental (co)variance components for 4% FCM yield were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade cows from herds stratified by within-herd SD for 305d mature equivalent milk and time period. Data were lactation records from 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI b d s that calved for the first time from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas. Sire and residual variance components for FCM increased with SD in all time periods and were slightly larger for second than for first lactations. Residual components were of uniform size across time periods within each SD class, but sire components were as much as 21% less for first lactations and 27% less for second lactations in the latter periods than in the earliest one. Heritabilities of first lactation FCM were largest (.154, .263, and -226 for low, medium, and high SD classes) in the earliest time period. Variance components far log-transformed records in each time period differed less than on the original scale, but both sire and residual components remained largest in the most variable herds. Genetic correlation coefficients between yields in first and second lactation were greater (.75 to -99) in all SD classes and time periods than phenotypic correlations (.40 to .61). Heterogeneous phenotypic variation for milk yield was attributed to genetic and environmental components. However, genetic variation only increased with environmental opportunity (variation)

Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 2. Genetic Relationships Between Milk Yield and Calving Interval in Grade Holstein Cows

Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances for mature equivalent yield of 4% FCM and calving interval were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade Holstein cows in first and second parity. Data were 305d mature equivalent lactation records and calving dates for 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI sires first calving from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas. Data were divided into three time periods, and herds were partitioned into three within-herd-year phenotypic SD classifications for milk yield. Average FCM yield and calving interval increased with SD in all time periods for both parities. Genetic variance of calving interval showed no trend with SD of yield, although residual variances increased as SD of yield increased Heritability of calving interval was less than .06 in all time periods and SD classes. Genetic correlations between first and second calving interval increased as SD of yield increased (.33 to .63), but phenotypic correlations were uniformly small. Genetic correlations between FCM and calving interval were largest in the highest SD class and for second lactations. Phenotypic correlations were small in every SD class. Even though milk yield and calving interval were positively (unfavorably) correlated genetically, the correlated response in calving interval was only about 1 d for each 100-kg increase in genetic merit for FCM yield