11 research outputs found
Mapping the planet’s critical natural assets
Sustaining the organisms, ecosystems and processes that underpin human wellbeing is necessary to achieve sustainable development. Here we define critical natural assets as the natural and semi-natural ecosystems that provide 90% of the total current magnitude of 14 types of nature’s contributions to people (NCP), and we map the global locations of these critical natural assets at 2 km resolution. Critical natural assets for maintaining local-scale NCP (12 of the 14 NCP) account for 30% of total global land area and 24% of national territorial waters, while 44% of land area is required to also maintain two global-scale NCP (carbon storage and moisture recycling). These areas overlap substantially with cultural diversity (areas containing 96% of global languages) and biodiversity (covering area requirements for 73% of birds and 66% of mammals). At least 87% of the world’s population live in the areas benefitting from critical natural assets for local-scale NCP, while only 16% live on the lands containing these assets. Many of the NCP mapped here are left out of international agreements focused on conserving species or mitigating climate change, yet this analysis shows that explicitly prioritizing critical natural assets and the NCP they provide could simultaneously advance development, climate and conservation goals.We thank all the participants of two working groups hosted by Conservation International and the Natural Capital Project for their insights and intellectual contributions. For further advice or assistance, we thank A. Adams, K. Brandon, K. Brauman, A. Cramer, G. Daily, J. Fisher, R. Gould, L. Mandle, J. Montgomery, A. Rodewald, D. Rossiter, E. Selig, A. Vogl and T. M. Wright. The two working groups that provided the foundation for this analysis were funded by support from the Marcus and Marianne Wallenberg Foundation to the Natural Capital Project (R.C.-K. and R.P.S.) and the Betty and Gordon Moore to Conservation International (R.A.N. and P.M.C.)
Some factors influencing permeability of cell walls/membranes of the osmotolerant yeastSaccharomyces rouxii grown in the presence and absence of 18% NaCl
Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls bySaccharomyces cerevisiae and their effects on lipid biosynthesis
Ultrastructural observations on the pars descendens of the proximal tubule in the kidney of the male rat
Can Civil Society Succeed Where Elites Have Failed in the War on Sectarianism? Towards an infinitely demanding politics for the North
A review of measurement and modelling results of particle atmosphere–surface exchange
Atmosphere–surface exchange represents one mechanism by which atmospheric particle mass and number size distributions
are modified. Deposition velocities (vd) exhibit a pronounced dependence on surface type, due in part to
turbulence structure (as manifest in friction velocity), with minima of approximately 0.01 and 0.2 cm s−1 over grasslands
and 0.1–1 cm s−1 over forests. However, as noted over 20 yr ago, observations over forests generally do not
support the pronounced minimum of deposition velocity (vd) for particle diameters of 0.1–2 μm as manifest in theoretical
predictions. Closer agreement between models and observations is found over less-rough surfaces though those data
also imply substantially higher surface collection efficiencies than were originally proposed and are manifest in current
models. We review theorized dependencies for particle fluxes, describe and critique model approaches and innovations
in experimental approaches, and synthesize common conclusions of experimental and modelling studies. We end by
proposing a number of research avenues that should be pursued in to facilitate further insights and development of
improved numerical models of atmospheric particles
Vertical muon intensity measured with MACRO at the Gran Sasso laboratory
0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
The magnetized steel and scintillator calorimeters of the MINOS experiment
The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper. © 2008 Elsevier B.V