LEAD USERS AND DESIGN SPRINTS: BUILDING RELATIONS BETWEEN SPACES IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Design knowledge has been conceptualized as a resilient relationship between problem and solution spaces. In innovative product development, though, the problem space is unknown at worst or ambiguous at best and it can be difficult move design knowledge into the solution space. We pursue solutions for this by combining short, intensive design undertakings called “design sprints” with the method of “lead users”. We show how formalized design principles from the lead user method and the design sprint method can be extracted, defined, and executed on by applying them to a case setting of climate solutions as innovations. We contribute with both knowledge on the problem as well as on the potential solution through a hexagonal map in a way that aids designers to better understand the resilient relationship between problem and solution spaces. We further contribute to theoretical knowledge by showing how researchers can make transparent the inferences from problem space to solution space

Flexibility of frequent clause openers in talk-in-interaction: Det 'it, that' and så 'then' in the prefield in Danish

Through in-depth analysis of the use of det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ occupying the first clausal position (the prefield) in Danish talk-in-interaction, this paper investigates how speakers use highly flexible linguistic elements to their advantage when commencing clauses in real time. These particular words are useful when occupying the prefield, because their flexible nature means that they can be used even when speakers do not have a full format ready for the carrier clause, as long as they have some idea of the interactional purpose of the clause and its information structural prerequisites. The dominating frequency of the most frequent clause openers goes largely unmentioned in previous accounts of the prefield, and the use of det ‘it, that’ and så ‘then’ challenges the popular notion that the textually unmarked prefield is also the grammatical subject of the carrier clause.Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Telefoniske båndpasfiltres indflydelse på talergenkendelse: høje frekvenser og dansk /t/

This article is an investigation into how telephonic bandpass filters affect the speech signal with possible implications for forensic phonetics. The focus is on three different filters: The filter used in landline connections; the AMR filter, which is used in most cell phone connections, and which delivers a worse signal than landline connections if coverage is poor; and the VoLTE filter, which delivers the most modern signal and is used in newer smartphones. The article shows how variation in the pronunciation of Danish /t/ can be used to identify a specific speaker, e.g. in the context of forensic phonetics. Three different sources of /t/-variation are presented: dialectal variation, variation in the pronunciation of foreign languages, and idiolectal variation among speakers of Standard Danish. For all of these sources of variation, it is shown how telephonic bandpass filters affect the speech signal, and especially how landline- and AMR-connections erase much of the variation as these connections do not transmit particularly high frequencies. The parameters which a forensic phonetician would look at in a high quality recording will often not be available in a recorded telephone conversation. The article thus suggests some other parameters in the speech signal which can be worth looking at if looking for variation in the production of /t/ in a telephone recording.Language Use in Past and Presen

Modeling regional variation in voice onset time of Jutlandic varieties of Danish

It is a well-known overt feature of the Northern Jutlandic variety of Danish that /t/ is pronounced with short voice onset time and no affrication. This is not limited to Northern Jutland, but shows up across the peninsula. This paper expands on this research, using a large corpus to show that complex geographical patterns of variation in voice onset time is found in all fortis stops, but not in lenis stops. Modeling the data using generalized additive mixed modeling both allows us to explore these geographical patterns in detail, as well as test a number of hypotheses about how a number of environmental and social factors affect voice onset time.Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

A Semiotic Grammar account of copula clauses in Danish

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Overblik over danske dialektoptagelser

Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Construction and validation of a questionnaire to assess student satisfaction with mathematics learning materials

Sixth Edition Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing MulticulturalityMathematics is an essential branch for the scientific development and its study is mandatory in most university degrees. However, currently the level of academic performance and motivation of students to learn this science is not the desired one. The students can use different learning tools inside and outside the math classroom, enhancing the quality of the learning materials that are designed essentially to facilitate the learning of mathematics. The present research project aims to determine the validity and reliability of a measurement instrument that allows theassessment of the satisfaction of the students with the availablelearning materials. To fulfill the objectives of this research, the method of survey was used. A study with a quantitative approach was developed, which led to the design and validation of a questionnaire by a group of 7 experts. The validation closed after applying a pilot study with 728 students. It concluded positively, obtaining nine factors that coincide with the revision of the literature: technological quality, quality of content, visual quality, didactic significance, adequacy of content, relationship between theory and practice, involvement, contribution to learning, relevance and interaction between educational actors. The results of this questionnaire provide to the international scientific community with relevant information for the design, selection, and use of study materials in the classrooms, which will contribute to raising the levels of student engagement, and their academic performance in mathematics, secondaril

Link between the diversity, heterogeneity and kinetic properties of amorphous ice structures

Based on neutron wide-angle diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering experiments, we show that there is a correlation between the preparational conditions of amorphous ice structures, their microscopic structural properties, the extent of heterogeneities on a mesoscopic spatial scale and the transformation kinetics. There are only two modifications that can be identified as homogeneous disordered structures, namely the very high-density vHDA and the low-density amorphous LDA ice. Structures showing an intermediate static structure factor with respect to vHDA and LDA are heterogeneous phases. This holds independently from their preparation procedure, i.e. either obtained by pressure amorphisation of ice I_h or by heating of vHDA. The degree of heterogeneity can be progressively suppressed when higher pressures and temperatures are applied for the sample preparation. In accordance with the suppressed heterogeneity the maximum of the static structure factor displays a pronounced narrowing of the first strong peak, shifting towards higher Q-numbers. Moreover, the less heterogeneous the obtained structures are the slower is the transformation kinetics from the high--density modifications into LDA. The well known high-density amorphous structure HDA does not constitute any particular state of the amorphous water network. It is formed due to the preparational procedure working in liquid nitrogen as thermal bath, i.e. at about 77 K

Exterior and interior metrics with quadrupole moment

We present the Ernst potential and the line element of an exact solution of Einstein's vacuum field equations that contains as arbitrary parameters the total mass, the angular momentum, and the quadrupole moment of a rotating mass distribution. We show that in the limiting case of slowly rotating and slightly deformed configuration, there exists a coordinate transformation that relates the exact solution with the approximate Hartle solution. It is shown that this approximate solution can be smoothly matched with an interior perfect fluid solution with physically reasonable properties. This opens the possibility of considering the quadrupole moment as an additional physical degree of freedom that could be used to search for a realistic exact solution, representing both the interior and exterior gravitational field generated by a self-gravitating axisymmetric distribution of mass of perfect fluid in stationary rotation.Comment: Latex, 15 pages, 3 figures, final versio

Approximate gravitational field of a rotating deformed mass

A new approximate solution of vacuum and stationary Einstein field equations is obtained. This solution is constructed by means of a power series expansion of the Ernst potential in terms of two independent and dimensionless parameters representing the quadrupole and the angular momentum respectively. The main feature of the solution is a suitable description of small deviations from spherical symmetry through perturbations of the static configuration and the massive multipole structure by using those parameters. This quality of the solution might eventually provide relevant differences with respect to the description provided by the Kerr solution.Comment: 16 pages. Latex. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio