Frequency, diversity, and productivity study on the Aedes aegypti most preferred containers in the City of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

The most preferred containers by Aedes aegypti were studied April and July (rainy and dry periods) in two Manaus neighbourhoods. In all, 2,700 premises and 13,912 containers were examined, most (87%) recorded outdoors. Out of the 13,100 inspected premises, only 1.6% showed to be positive for Aedes aegypti, summing up to 7,916 collected samples. Most frequently found containers outdoors in either neighbourhood regardless of rain or dry period were Bottles flasks and Storage, and indoors, Fixed, Flowerpots, and buckets. Productivity was estimated according to the number of premises and positive containers investigated, showing the actual container groups productivity. Considering both rainy and dry periods outdoors at Praça 14 the groups of Tyre, Flask, Bottle, Construction Equipment and Fixed, had the highest averages respectively. Construction Equipment and Flask groups were the most productive in Coroado in April. Flask, Construction Equipment and Storage groups stood out in July

Secondary dengue infection in schoolchildren in a dengue endemic area in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Infecção secundária por dengue em escolares numa região endêmica para o dengue no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

A seroepidemiologic survey was carried out in schoolchildren from public schools of the Niterói municipality, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after a period of sequential epidemics by dengue virus type 1 and 2 (DEN-1 and DEN-2). 450 blood samples were obtained by fingertip puncture and collected on filter paper discs. The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test was carried out using DEN-1 and DEN-2 antigens. HAI titres were demonstrated in 66% (297/450) of the sera and the geometric means of the titres were 1/182 and 1/71 for DEN-1 and DEN-2, respectively. Secondary infections were observed in 61% (181/297) of positive cases. Among these, 75% (135/181) were under fifteen years old. No dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) was reported in these children. Asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infections were detected in 56% of the studied population. The absolute and relative frequencies of positive tests by age group and sex did not evidence statistically significant difference. The number of individuals infected probably produced a immunologic barrier responsible for the non occurrence of dengue epidemic in the latter years.<br>Após um período de epidemias sequenciais pelos vírus dengue tipo 1 e 2 (DEN-1 e DEN-2), foi realizado um estudo soroepidemiológico em uma amostra de escolares da rede pública de ensino do município de Niterói; 450 amostras de sangue foram obtidas através de punção da polpa digital, coletadas sobre discos de papel de filtro e testadas para a detecção de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação (1HA) para DEN-1 e DEN-2. Das amostras testadas, 66,0% (297/450) apresentaram títulos de anticorpos IHA e as médias geométricas dos títulos de anticorpos foram de 1/182 e 1/71, para DEN-1 e DEN-2, respectivamente. Cerca de 61,0% (181/297) daqueles com anticorpos IHA tiveram infecção secundária. Destes, 75% (135/181) tinham idade igual a ou menor do que 15 anos. Nenhum caso de dengue hemorrágico foi relato entre os participantes do estudo. Cerca de 56,0% dos casos com anticorpos IHA tiveram infecção assintomática ou oligossintomática. As freqüências absoluta e relativa das sorologias positivas por idade e sexo não evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Acredita-se que a barreira imumtária formada pelos individuos infectados pelo DEN-2 seja a responsável pela não ocorrência do dengue de forma epidêmica nos anos imediatamente posteriores ao presente estudo

Genetic characterization of dengue virus type 3 isolates in the State of Rio de Janeiro, 2001

The genetic characterization of dengue virus type 3 (DEN-3) strains isolated from autochthonous cases in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2001 is presented. Restriction site-specific (RSS)-PCR performed on 22 strains classified the Brazilian DEN-3 viruses as subtype C, a subtype that contains viruses from Sri Lanka, India, Africa and recent isolates from Central America. Nucleic acid sequencing (positions 278 to 2550) of one DEN-3 strain confirmed the origin of these strains, since genotype III - classified by sequencing - and RSS-PCR subtype C are correlated. This genetic subtype has been associated with hemorrhagic dengue epidemics and the information provided here could be useful to implement appropriate prevention and control measures