LDV measurement and Navier-Stokes computation of parallel jet mixing in a rectangular confinement

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements were taken in a rectangular confinement into which issues a row of parallel jets. Two-component measurements were taken with two optics orientations yielding three mean velocity components and four Reynolds stress components. As observed in isolated three dimensional wall bounded jets, the transverse diffusion of the jets is quite large. The data indicates that this rapid mixing process is due to strong secondary flows, transport of large inlet intensities and Reynolds stress anisotropy effects. Navier-Stokes analyses of this configuration underpredict the rate of transverse jet diffusion. Detailed numerical accuracy studies show that this is attributed to shortcomings in low-Reynolds number two-equation turbulence modelling. A low-Reynolds number full-Reynolds stress model is shown to provide improvement

PAB3D: Its History in the Use of Turbulence Models in the Simulation of Jet and Nozzle Flows

This is a review paper for PAB3D s history in the implementation of turbulence models for simulating jet and nozzle flows. We describe different turbulence models used in the simulation of subsonic and supersonic jet and nozzle flows. The time-averaged simulations use modified linear or nonlinear two-equation models to account for supersonic flow as well as high temperature mixing. Two multiscale-type turbulence models are used for unsteady flow simulations. These models require modifications to the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The first scheme is a hybrid RANS/LES model utilizing the two-equation (k-epsilon) model with a RANS/LES transition function, dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) formulation. All of these models are implemented in the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code PAB3D. This paper discusses computational methods, code implementation, computed results for a wide range of nozzle configurations at various operating conditions, and comparisons with available experimental data. Very good agreement is shown between the numerical solutions and available experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions

The influence of inlet velocity profile on three-dimensional three-generation bifurcating flows

10.1007/s00466-002-0352-9Computational Mechanics294-5422-429CMME

Airfoil vibration due to upstream alternating vortices generated by a circular cylinder

An experimental investigation of airfoil vibration due to upstream alternating vortices was carried out in a re-circulating wind tunnel. A circular cylinder with a diameter D = 102mm was positioned upstream of an airfoil (NACA0012), with a chord length c = 200mm and a zero angle of attack placed at a gap distance S, to generate the vortex street. The circular cylinder and airfoil were arranged in tandem and the spacing ratio S/D was varied from 0.5 to 6.5 to investigate the effect of the vortices generated upstream on the vibration of the airfoil. The experiment was carried out in a free stream Re range of 1.6×10⁵ to 2.3×10⁵. The vortex formation region behind a single circular cylinder was measured using a hot wire anemometer and the airfoil dynamic responses were examined using a laser vibrometer. It is found that when S/D is reduced beyond a critical value, there is a rapid drop in vortex shedding frequency and a suppression in airfoil vibration. This critical S/D is found to be the normalized length of the vortex formation region behind the single cylinder. It is hypothesized that the vortex could not be formed at this location within the gap distance in the presence of the airfoil, but instead is formed behind the airfoil. Consequently, as vortex shedding is switched from upstream to downstream of the airfoil, the flow-induced vibration of the airfoil is suppressed at the same time